Employee Motivation Theories in Customer Service

Employee Motivation Theories in Customer gainWork is very principal(prenominal) for incessantlyy mortal infect it is inevitable in the life of every person and every one destiny ecstasy in the execution. Employees destiny happiness in the job and it is the state of passenger vehicle to sympathise their problems and find the way to satisfy them. The assumption is that a prodd operate oner forget obligate his outdo runance to the geological formation as a result productivity of nerve impart ontogeny and execrable carrying into action entrust be a forgotten bring issue in the face. Managers thunder mug adopt diametric slipway to spark employees and managers who be successful in motivating employees providing an surround in which incentives atomic number 18 getable for them which atomic number 18 much needed for the atonement of employees. Employees should suck up enough take over which trigger them and shake them to motion wicked. Today ma nager merchantman non solely prod employees by dint of take over, bene equalize and re feed to come a ache them to work hard and streamlinedly. It is the righteousness of manager to develop environment in which employees stir up to become tillable members of face.This literature reassessment impart de terminal figureines the main aims and objectives of the research c all foring a pastiche of literatures. It result provide us brief over discover regarding extensive research in the field of employees pauperization and its ciphers claiming the organization. This research is buy aterful to find forbidden employees penury of Sainsbury with dissimilar bureau. thither be loads of researchers carried bulge out the research in the field of employees pauperism. roughly of dodges and ideas present(a)ed in literature review given theses researchers This literature review give give us the nonion of employees demand its importance and factors staff penury a nd organization public presentation. Although m some(prenominal) separates researchers overly conducted their research in this field but it was out of scope and i selected notwithstanding those researches which were directly or indirectly consortd to my billic. In this chapter unessential research is intimatelyly dod the information is taken from books and journals. It will dispute the relevant supposition on the topic and give the opinion that relate to employees want and lading. Employees pauperization and commitment is the to the highest degree important topic in the field of Human Resource Management.In this chapter frontmost we discuss the HR theory to understand round HR and thus focus on employees motivation to annex customers servicesHRResearch conducted in organizations suggests that HR affects organizational outcomes by shaping employees attitudes and behaviours. The high commitment of HR gains organization effect by giving environment in which emplo yees argon mired in organization and they work hard to come upon organization goals. (Whitener, E 2001) Research suggests that employees interpret organisational actions such as human resource practices, as symptomatic of the personified organisations commitment to them. They reciprocate their perceptions accordingly in their own commitment to the organisation. It is seen that high commitment to instigate employees work well for organization. Such organizations use up high productively as comp ared to those which has low commitment. Before that Dean and Lepak in addition state the same opinion. fit to Dean and Lepak (1996) HR is classified as control practices and its main conclusion to outgrowth efficiency and reduce proletariat in organization. Its aim to annex productivity and provide the environment for employees that help to achieve the goals of organization. The high commitment strategy of HR embarrasss selective staffing development appraisal competitive packag es and upbringing of staff. jibe to Foot and Hook in 1999 the employees are most important resource which contributes to achieve organization goals. HR is very important in decision making process and it comprises a range of issues employee development, recruitment and takings schemes. Recruitment will give us qualified employees in order to achieve corporate goals in an efficient means. But Beardwell (2004) has una give care opinion. He cogitateed the organization doance to alte dimensionns in different business environment including micro and macro contexts. He said our HR strategy must fit the Organization strategyAccording to Mullins successful HR has proactive role in organization. HR urinates value by providing opportunities and his values are crucial for organization future success. It will increase the skill of current workforce and will recruit the extremely skilled workforce 2.2RecruitmentRecruiting the cover employees is important in employees motivation and t hey fit in the organization and take skills to fulfil the commitment. If an organization ignore the correct employees for the correct role than its economic damage apprize be immense. Beardwell (2004) and whence Mullins (2005) emphasis on recruitment process of employees. Both said that employees should be technically fit to any given rule. Best companies are doing this for recollective eon and ensure that selection process full assessment of candidates abilities, values, amuse and careful review how they will match the organization culture. The ability to achieve competitive advantage in market is dependent on reputation of workforceAccording to Armstrong (2001) there is pressure on organizations to recruit properly race for right job. If they fail to does this so it will adverse upshot on the budget of organization. There are number of factors which should consider in recruitment process including the culture of organization, legal implications, attracting and employin g the correct candidate and the cost in time and resources. Before the Armstrong the Holden in (1994) emphasised on ripe(p) HRM practice in recruitment and selection. The organization can use recruitment process to continue or fifty-fifty change the organization culture. When a change of strategic direction is required, recruiting the right candidates is an important factor to increase the chance of success sort out on the job(p) and job rotationTeam working is important in organization. When employees in organization work unneurotic they share the ideas, motivate each other and help to increase the gross revenue of organization. According to Cohen (1996) cited in Bacon, N Blyton, p 200314) when the human work together they create meaningful work. When humans work in a group they got higher(prenominal) job satisfaction according to job characteristics and counseling theories. The different t wants in aggroup encourage workers to use different skills and rotation in job red uces in boredom of repetitive work. This helps group members to share the responsibility of work in their area and develop the skills essential for effective team work. In team employees participate in goal setting thereby motivation for team membersAccording to Friedrich (1998) Job rotation is long term planning but it can be organized at little(a) notice. Job rotation will support the employees abilities and interest but to a fault their prospects for promotion. Task of job rotation should be explained to employees who can only be justified by corresponding benefits. Some employees will give metro and refuse to give up job in which they are prosperingThis happened during the research which I conducted in Sainsbury. Some employees were happy with their current business office in Sainsbury while others were not happy with their role in Sainsbury. The first one will give resistance to give up their fixEmpirical Evidence on Employees MotivationEmployee motivation is the biggest factor in the success or failure of an organization. Motivated workforce will give shell output and productivity while without actuate workforce productivity, pull in morale, product and service all suffer. An organization should confound effective strategy to motivate the staff and to stay competitive in the market. There are different factors to motivate individuals and all of them are incite differently. Some of them are move by funds other by the opportunity for original development and job satisfaction. It is the responsibility of managers to understand what factors will motivate their employees to increase productivity. Employees motivation is closely connect to employees performance.By conducting the search in this manner the solution articles were specific case studies of employee motivation in various organizations. The resultant case studies looked at a range of topics on round(prenominal) employee motivation and employee performance and how these constructs c an be connected. One particular field of force looked specifically at the fol demoralizes of an organization and what key factors a leader involve to sleep together about the various types of followers. The case studies in this review exsert upon the work of Maslow, Taylor, and Herzberg.Simms in (2007) discusses how various organizations utilize veered versions of non-cash e reinforcers as employee incentives. Simms suggests that Herzbergs view of salary as not universe a grant holds. The ability to hold up an incentive that doesnt get absorbed by the employees periodic bills has a larger effect on employee motivation. He similarly suggests it may be more acceptable to boast about a special award or party rather than an employees salary raise. Simms then goes on to expand the discussion of non- cash rewards such as wriggle time, employee of the month, and tailored goal incentives. Simms argues it is important for employers to communicate these benefits to employees be rea sonableness many employees dont understand their occur compensation package. By communicating the total package, the employer fortifys their commitment to the employees and helps to motivate the employee. This motivation leads to greater employee satisfaction and performance.The case study of the Harrahs cheer sales teams lays out the use of team incentives to increase sales across the various branches of the Harrahs Entertainment family of products. However, the core to the incentive packages, that Jakobson discusses, is the use of Merchandise Awards. Jakobson states that Merchandise Awards are even more effective than Top Seller Trips. Harrahs in like manner uses simple employee motivation tactics such as recognition at weekly and monthly sales meetings of the top sales teams.Whiteling in (2007) looks at the cases of Reuters and supermarket giant Sainsburys to award how important it is to create a culture where employees become directly involve in suggestions for change. By creating a culture where employee input is attend andthe changes confront by the organization are discontinue understood and receive the support of the employees. This in any case has the side effect of creating employee motivation to support and accomplish the organizations goals and change efforts (Whiteling, 2007). Silverman in (2006) utilizes a similar strategy to create a hypernym workforce. Silverman suggests keeping employees engaged by working with storytelling. Employers can systematically ask employees to tell their story for genuine or not-so honest situations. In this way, an employee/employer relationship can be forged which can help foster unwashed support and idea sharing. Similar to Whiteling, Silverman suggests that the organizations culture needs to be demonstrable around the concept of storytelling.Employees need to feel their stories are being heard, understood, and valued by those requesting the stories. By forging these relationships, the employee f eels valued by the employer, supervisor, and organization as a contributor. This value translates into higher work performance and stake within the organization (Silverman, 2006 Whiteling, 2007).Sharbroughs (2006) study looks at the correlations between leaders use of motive Language (ML) and employee job satisfaction and the perception of a supervisors effectiveness. In both cases, there was a statistically significant correlation in this study between a leaders use of ML and employee job satisfaction and the perception of a supervisors effectiveness. This correlation can be utilized by organizations to measure a leaders use of ML and determine aims of employee satisfaction as well as determine the perceived effectiveness of a supervisorKellerman (2007) has expanded the work of Zaleznik, Kelley, and Chaleff to create what he calls a aim of engagement to classify the followers of an organization. This employee continuum ranges from feeling and doing absolutely nothing to being p assionately committed and deeply involved. In this way, a leader can assess their subordinates and tailor a leadership approach to maximize the affect a particular effort will capture on employee motivation.A common thread of communication between employers and employees emerges as a indispensability for employee motivation (Simms, 2007 Jakobson, 2007 Whiteling, 2007 Silverman, 2006 Sharbrough, 2006). Many of these case studies link high employee motivation with change magnitude employee performance. By first utilizing Kellerman direct of engagement classification, an organization can tailor the use of ML and motivational lltechniques in the organization. In this way, employee motivation can be maximized to increase employee performance by focusing the use of ML and motivational techniquesTheories of motivationAs we discussed that there are number of ways to motivate employees. Lots of researchers gave the theories of motivation. I will discuss most common theories. These theo ries will give us idea how we can motivate employees. either these theories have some common points to motivate employees but these theories also have different opinionFredrick Winslow Taylor and Elton Mayo Theories of MotivationFredrick Winslow Taylor (1856-1917) said that employees are chiefly motivated by pay. His theory argued that workers need supervision because naturally they do not enjoy work therefore manager should break their work in small tasks and geared wheeling and tools so they work efficiently on given task. They are than paid according to number of items they catchd in a set period of time-price-rate pay. This will motivate them to work hard and exploit their productivity. Taylor method work well and different organization adopted this method to increase productivity level and lower unit cost. The most notably advocate was Henry Ford who used them to design the first ever production line, making Ford cars. This was the start of the era of mass production. Tay lor theory has close links with autocratic trouble styles and Macgregor theory X approach. Taylor theory failed soon as workers became bore on repetitive tasks and they were treated same(p) human machines.Elton Mayo than gave better theory he said workers are not only motivated with money by they could be better motivated if we met their social needs whilst at work. Taylor ignored these second points which cause adverse effect on his theory. He also conducted an experiment on two groups and examines the effect on their productivity levels of changing factors such as working condition. From Mayo theory we can conclude that employees are dress hat by better communication between them and managers. Employees are also motivated by involvement of managers in their working lives. They are also motivated when they work in a team. Therefore Sainsbury should use team working and introduce personal department to involve managers to look employees to motivate them the increase the productio nMaslow theory of motivationMaslow in (1943) gave hierarchy of human needs based on two groupings deficiency needs and growth needs. within the deficiency needs, each lower need must be met to begin with moving to the next higher level. According to Maslow employees have five levels of need physiological, recourse, social, ego, and self-importance- actualizing Once each of these needs has been satisfied, if at some future time a deficiency is detected, the individual will act to remove the deficiency.http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ cat valium/thumb/6/60/Maslows_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg/450px-Maslows_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg.pngFigure Maslows Hierarchy of Needs(1) physiologic needsThese accept homeostasis such as need for oxygen satisfaction of thirst and hanger. It also include sleep and sexual desire(2) safeguard needsThese include security and safety. It covers security in all aspects of life. It also include security of family, property and morals(3) Love needsThese includ e affection, sense of belonging, social activities, friendships, and both the giving and receiving of love.(4) Esteem needsThese include both self-respect and the esteem of others. Self respect covers the strength emancipation and freedom and achievement. While esteem of others include status, reputation, appreciation and attention(5) Self- actualization needsThis need includes the realization of potential of an individual. In this need we consider what is the potential of humans and what are they capable of becoming. These needs may modify widely from one individual to another. Maslow conceived a human being growing five groups of needs, in sequence, from one to five.The survival needs start at birth. During childhood everyone aware all groups of needs. If a manager wants to motivate his employees he should satisfy all five needs in his employeesIn Maslow theory once we achieved lower level needs like physiological and safety levels others does not provide same level of motivat ion. There are problems in Maslow theory relating to work situation. The higher level needs do not satisfy their needs because of work situation. It is the responsibilities of managers to understand their needs in buck private and social life not just their attitude at work. There is no time frame in Maslow theory when the satisfaction of lower level needs and emergence of higher level needs. Even the tribe within the same level of hierarchy there have different motivation factors. There are lots of ways in which people seek satisfaction for example their esteem needsFredrick Herzbergs theory of motivationFredrick Herzberg the friend of Maslow introduced two factor theory of motivation. He believed that there are certain factors that business can introduce which will directly motivate employees and work hard to increase productivity. He named such factors motivation and hygienics Motivator or intrinsic factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. He said there are others factors which will not motivate them or they will not work hard. He named such factors hygiene factors. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction.According to Herzberg all these factors must present in any job because their absence will give dissatisfaction and step-down productivity and lead to strike in organization. Their presence will concede average productivity but not necessarily above the average. The challenge is that their presence does not motivate in a special way. Herzberg referred this group as dissatisfies. However second group existence will ease off satisfaction and this include achievement, recognition, advancement and growth in job. According to Herzberg only way to motivate employee is by means of job enrichmentHerzberg believed that democratic approach is the best approach to motivate employees by improving the nature of job through certain methods. howl and Skinner theory of motivationAccording to Vroom theory (1964) employees effort will lead to performance and performance and then reward should be given on the base of that performance. This reward can be positive or proscribe depending upon the performance of individual employee. It means that more positive reward will motivate employee highly. Conversely reward is more negative employee will less likely to motivatedAccording to Skinner theory (1953) employees behaviour that lead to positive outcomes will be repeated and negative behaviour will not be repeated. Managers should reinforce employees behaviour that lead to positive outcome. Managers should negatively reinforce employee behaviour that leads to negative outcomes.Reward as motivational tools earnings is not the sole inducement factor for employees. They are more motivated the reward they receive of their hard work we should give employees certain incentives when certain goals are achieved. The two most common types of rewards are extrinsic reward and intrins ic reward. external rewards are external rewards that occur apart from work such as money and other things. On the other hand intrinsic rewards are privileged rewards in this reward there is direct connection between reward and work and employee feel it during his job.According to Thomas (2000) now rule of motivation has changed. Employees are not motivated through their supervision. They are becoming self managed and they want to demonstrate their own innovation at the work place. Since virgin motivation factors have emerged so employees want reward of their work. Some of them motivated even they receive positive feedback about their work. Mullins in (2005) said employees have common motivational factors although when satisfied will lead to different level of motivation. If the reward is managed correctly both extrinsic and intrinsic reward will motivate employees. However it is not guarantee that employees will motivated through reward those who receive less reward will feel un dervalued and will not be motivatedBeardwell and Holden (1994) also emphasised the reward system in the motivation of employees. They said that the payment received by employers is not just one factor which can motivate them. Employees can create an environment that motivate them by providing resources, information and emotional support and some are motivated by fear of loss i.e. they will open fire and loss their support if they are late from the job. There are lots of employees which do best when their salary increaseAccording to Redshaw (2001) there are six factors that can motivate employees (1) Training it is most important to all employees skills replacing job for life time. (2) Financial rewards employees are motivated through any means which help them financially. It can be useful in Sainsbury. He can give his employees discount vouchers. (3) Recognition the employees need to know they, reassurance of their role, enforcing corporate norms and values. (4) Communication manag ers should regularly communicate with employees. All the employees should have adit to managers. Managers should held weekly meeting and regular meeting with employees. (5) Alignment There is a direct relationship between motivation and an individuals ability to contribute, therefore make all employees aware of the contribution they bring to the organisation (6) Leadership employees should have their own leader to discuss their concern with himHeap (1987) gave the advantages and disadvantages of the reward system. My companies considered that the reward system has both advantages and disadvantages. In 1999 Thompson and Sanders showed that the companies which give attention to the main objectives of their course of instruction like cost, customer service, schedule, environment and quality are deemed success of any incentive programmeAccording to Makenzie and Lee rewards are distribute to those who perform at given level. These rewards should be available to everyone in the organiza tion from top caution to workers. These rewards can be linked directly to quality safety, performance and absenteeism. These rewards must be given on successful performance. Different companies motivate their employees through different means. Some companies feel that money is a good inducement. Many companies offer profit sharing plans and offer trips to Europe and other islandsTurkson (2002) there are different types of incentives plans which can motivate employees. It can be annual performance bonus. It can also profit sharing plan. either different harming of incentive plan has benefits and drawbacks. The annual performance bonus is once in a year so it is hard to link it with performance. This type of incentive plan also tends to cause to employees to focus on what makes them look good, sometimes at the expense of what may be best for the companys bottom lineThese rewards programmes are expansive these programs require careful monitoring. Some companies give reward with an extra day off with pay. Others companies provide good working condition and give reward on top performance. The performance level must be achievable. An incentive scheme may also fail if we ignore the quality or safety. Incentives should be linked with performance but we cannot apply this rule every time. Some incentives are issued on the basis of a subjective assessment by a superior on the merit of particular workersTypes of motivationExtrinsic motivationExtrinsic motivation is inspired by outside forces. It includes the money, rewards and people which are close to us. Lots of researchers gave their view about extrinsic motivation and gave different view about itMullins and Armstrong said that extrinsic motivation can be related to to tangible rewards such as security, benefits, promotion, condition of services and environment. These are most likely out of control from managers and determined at the organizational level. This kind of motivation has powerful effect on employees bu t it will not last long.Bernard and Stoner (2005) said that salary, wages and conditions of services are the incentives for employees. Managers should use four components of salary structure to use salary as motivator effectively. These are (1) job rate which organization set for each job. (2) Payment which should be given to individual according to their performance which motivate them and encourage them to work hard (3) Personal allowances which should be given to those people who have particular skills. . According to Banjoko (1996) most managers use money to reward or punish employees. It can be done through reward on higher productivity and fear to loss job due to poor performance. The desire to earn enhanced pay will motivate employees.In any organization higher productivity depends on level of motivation in employees of organization. We can also motivate staff through training it will give staff the opportunities of self improvement to meet the challenges of higher productivi ty and raw techniques performing a taskIntrinsic motivationThis motivation is inspired from within a person. This motivation includes personal goals, happiness, morals, inspiration to learn, social and self esteem needs. Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators push person to achieve the targets. But both these motivators achieved target in different ways.According to Mullins (2005) intrinsic motivation is the opportunity to use the ability of individual. In this motivation sense of challenge, achievement and positive recognition treated with unselfish manner. Psychological rewards are usually determined by the behaviour of individual managers. Armstrong (2006) the quality of work life is essential for intrinsic motivators and they have long term effect because they are inherent in individuals and they are not imposed from outsideEffect of motivation on productivityproductiveness of an organization depends on the motivation of its staff. Organization will achieved its goals throug h motivated staff and gain market share which will help to increase the production of the organization. Sainsbury can gain market share and increase its productivity through motivation of its staffMojahed (2005) defined productivity as the ratio of output and input. The economists defined the productivity at industrial level to determine the economy, health and growth rate while at project level it define as and applies to planning, cost estimating and cost control. According to Heizer and Render (1999) be of factors affects the productivity of employees and education is one of them. Social overhead and diet of the employees also affect the productivity of employees. But Wiredu (1989) said others factors like team building, motivation job security and training also affect the productivity of employees. We cannot increase productivity of employees without enhancing the skills of them. Working in safe environment and stronger commitment also affect labour productivityEffects of Motiv ation on execution of instrumentThe performance of employees is very important for every company. It will make or break a company. It is important to motivate employees and find different methods to motivate them. Stephen Robbins and David A. Decenzo wrote in their book Supervision Today money is most important form of motivation for employees but others motivation factors should also be considered. every(prenominal) company has different employees and everyone is motivated for different reasons. It is important for managers to know her employees and understand what will motivate them. Managers should understand individual differences if they want successful in motivating people. As we know money is the most important factor to motivate employees but companies should also have other ways to motivate their employees. This involves getting to know their employees and what drives them, then making sure managers utilize inhibit motivational techniques with each employee. The employee s performance will improve definitely when managers will use appropriate motivation techniqueEffects of performance management on motivationIn every organization team does the work and performance of organization depends on the performance of the team. Therefore it is important for organization to get good performance from everyone. It is the responsibilities of managers to motivate them as a team and each individual separately. The enthusiasm of the manager motivates the team how work will be structured and agreed standard for getting there. The organization manager creates a climate of progress with their behaviour. Sainsbury should consider and evaluate the performance management of its top manager to motivate its employees and increase its productivity. Most organization like Sainsbury has performance management system. In any organization main purpose of performance management assist the management in the determination of pay rises and find how pay system will work in the organ ization and motivate the staff. Every employee in the organization understands the system and why he or she got the pay rise they did. Aim is that to develop staff and motivate them. The problem rises from this is that if manager want to develop its staff and ask about its weakness the employees will discuss some of its weakness. If the employees feel that manager is hookup the information for the next pay review he will swerve to discuss its weaknessAccording to Kaplan and Norton (2001) performance management is the backbone of HRM. In performance management we plan and implement the strategies and adopt different approaches to perform tasks. Performance management is beneficial in any business to work according to plan. According to Handel and Gentleman (2004 P.72) said that salary and wage system is big factor that will increase the performance of staff and motivate them.The performance management and production management are closely linked with each other. This is beneficial f or staff and motivates them. Staff relationship working environment and culture are vital to motivate staff. It is the responsibilities of performance management to train them and polished their skills according to job requirement. Training is essential for both new and experienced workers otherwise organization can lose its profit and its workers will not be motivated if he did not train the employees. Armstrong and magnate said that prior duty of HRM department is to deal with performance management because performance management is the fundamental of HRM and it is responsibilities of manager to help the emp

Advertising Is The Non Personal Communication Of Information Marketing Essay

Advertising Is The Non individualizedised Communication Of Information Marketing EssayOne definition of publicize is Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paying(a) for and usually glib in nature about cross modalitys, services or minds by set sponsors through the various media.(Bovee, 1992, p. 7) Now lets im explode this statement apart and go over what it means.Advertising is bringing a merchandise and service to the upkeep of authority and current customers. Advertising is focused on one particular production or service. Thus, an advertizement plan for one product might be very different than that for a nonher product. Advertising is typically done with signs, brochures, commercials, flat mailings or e-mail subject matters, personal contact, etc.The first assumption that was queried colligate to purchasing itself, in terms of what publicise would achieve if it was effective. This assumption was de none achieved the conversion. In the sense of converting faithful user of the some opposite brand to loyal users of the brand advanced. We pointed out that this pattern, although it could on occasion be f9und in substantial purchasing sequences, was actually quite r atomic number 18. It also happen in this side I brook al expressive styles bought brand B, only if now I micturate the de none for brand A has persuaded me that it is better in finish my requirement under the advertisement, so in future I go forth buy brand A The advertisement pointed out that strengthen of the product which mean its communicating with the commonwealth.First, what is non-personal advertize? There ar two grassroots ways to sell anything personally and non-personally. Personal change requires the trafficker and the vendee to get together. There are returnss and disadvantages to this. The first advantage is era the seller has fourth dimension to discuss in detail everything about the product. The buyer has time to ask head teachers, get answers, and examine evidence for or against purchase.Next, the seller force out easily locate potential buyers. If you enter a store, you probably have an interest in roughthing that store sells. Street vendors and door-to-door sellers base just now shout at possibilities, like McDonalds retailer shop who call out, I say in that respect, I would like to order food?, or whack at the door and start their spiel with an attention grabber. From there on they fit their center to the individual customer, taking all the time a customer is unbidden to give them.Disadvantages do exist. Personal selling is, naturally enough, expensive, since it is labor-intensive and deals with only one buyer at a time. expert imagine trying to sell chewing gum tree or guitar picks private it would cost a dollar a stick or pick.In addition, its advantage of time is also a disadvantage. Personal selling is time-consuming. sell a stereo or a car nookie take days, and major com puter and airplane sales can take years.Nonetheless, although personal selling results in more rejections than sales, and can be nerve-racking, frustrating and ego destroying for the salesperson, when the salesperson is good it is more directed and successful than advertising.From the above, it take cares that personal selling is much better than advertising, which is non-personal. This is true. Advertising has none of the advantages of personal selling there is very little time in which to present the sales fieldedness, there is no way to know just who the customer is or how them is responding to the message, the message can non be changed in mid-course to suit the customers reactions.Then why bother with advertising? Because its advantages exactly replace the disadvantages of personal selling and can emulate some of the advantages. First lets look at the last recognitioned.First, advertising has, comparatively speaking, all the time in the world. Unlike personal selling, th e sales message and its presentation does not have to be created on the spot with the customer watching. It can be created in as many ways as the writer can conceive, be rewritten, tested, modified, injected with every trick and appeal known to affect consumers. (Some of the latter is the content of this book.)Second, although advertisers may not see the individual customer, nor be suitable to modify the sales message according to that individuals reactions at the time, it does have inquiry about customers. The research can identify potential customers, find what message elements might influence them, and figure out how best to get that message to them. Although the research is meaningless when employ to any particular individual, it is effective when applied to expectant groups of customers.Third, and perhaps of most importance, advertising can be uttermost cheaper per potential customer than personal selling. Personal selling is extremely labor-intensive, relations with one customer at a time. Advertising deals with hundreds, gees, or gazillions of customers at a time, reducing the cost per customer to mere pennies. In fact, advertising costs are determined in part using a formula to determine, not cost per potential customer, solely cost per thousand potential customers.Thus, it bes that advertising is a good idea as a sales tool. For small ticket items, much(prenominal) as chewing gum and guitar picks, advertising is cost effective to do the entire selling job. For large ticket items, such as cars and computers, advertising can do a large part of the selling job, and personal selling is used to eat up and close the sale.Advertising is non-personal, but effective.Facebook advertising systemThe red cursor showing the Facebook advertisementPeople treat Facebook as an authentic part of their lives, so you can be sure you are connecting with real people with real interest in your products. Facebook Ads provided CM Photographic the ability to inves t their exact demographic 24-30 year old women whose relationship status on Facebook indicated that they were engaged.Over 12 months, CM Photographic generated nearly $40,000 in revenue enhancement directly from a $600 advertising investment on Facebook. Of the Facebook users who were directed to CM Photographic website from the ads, 60% became qualified leads and actively expressed interest in more information.I have found Facebook Ads SO effective. My business wouldnt be anywhere close to where it is today if it werent for Facebook, and the ads campaign. Chris Meyer, PresidentFrom the information given, Facebook Ads makes it easy and efficient to quickly set up and manage your campaign. G5 found success background up a series of Facebook Ad campaigns targeted to college students at 21 campuses anterior to Summer break for StorQuest self-service storage facilities. Real-time suggested bids for our auction-based system provided counselor-at-law that enabled G5 to hone ad effec tiveness based on their various targeting filters (age, college aim and location).The results from StorQuests Facebook ad campaign were one of their highest performing online advertising effortsOver 50% increase in total rentals versus prior year at the said(prenominal) store.10% conversion rate from visits originating from Facebook Ads.On par with Google AdWords on a cost-per-lead and cost-per-customer basis.$1.25 CPC delivered $10.25 cost-per-lead.When you have a broader presence on Facebook with Facebook Pages or Facebook Events plus ads for instance, you can turn your advertising message into a trusted referral by including content from a users friends who are already affiliated with your products. ANA took this approach by creating a Facebook Page to acquire interested users for on-going messaging opportunities and developing a compel advertising campaign. ANA used a creative grouping of keywords to target advertising to users specifically interested in traveling and Japanese culture and certain ad creative that resonated with their audience.Average campaigns for ANA result in CTR of 8 12%. Facebook Ads resulted in a 25% CTR. Conversions resulted in positive ROI which is unique for ANA considering their product is not an impulse purchase for most people and Japan is not traditionally seen as a leisure destination.If the company is running a Facebook Ad Campaign, they can choose to target Social Actions in their campaigns. With this feature enabled, those people who fan the Page may see the Ad listed among their parole Feeds. Companies can also use the Facebook messaging system to communicate with their fans. standard advertising ruleThe Arrow showing the pennant advertising orderA banner ad is an image shown on a webpage for advertising purposes. Along with animation, contemporary ad banners often use simple forms of interaction as a lure, taking advantage ofplug-inssuch as sproutandShockwaveto create banner-based games.As you can see, adverti sers came to the conclusion that banner ads were not as effective as full-page magazine ads or 30-second TV commercials. At the same time, there was an incredible glut of advertising space, thousands of sites had a million or more page impressions available per month, and companies likeDoubleClickbegan collecting these sites into abundant pools of banner-ad inventory. The economic principle of supply and demand works the same way on the nett as it does everywhere else, so the rates paid for banner advertising began to plummet.Undoubtedly you know what banner ads are youve seen incalculable ones as youve surfed across countless websites. You may have already clicked on a number of them. superior ads take different shapes and sizes, and many forms and styles, but they share a common goal attracting visitorsBanner ads usually look at graphics, sometimes they are entirely text and others they use graphics and text. The briny idea of a banner ad is to present an interesting idea to the surfer and have them click on it for more information, leading them to the advertisers site.Banner ads pose in many sizes, the most popular, is a full banner (468 x 60), but all styles are used. Some people film you should stay away from using full banner ads as they are already so common that most surfers avoid them.Obviously placing banners that advertise your site on other websites costs money. There are some(prenominal) ways of paying for this type of advertising. You may pay per click on the banner per thousand clicks per sales to visitors directed to you, or another form.How much banner ads work for you will depend on a form of things? Where you place the ads, how relevant the sites hosting the ad are to your site what your ads look like, how large-hearted they are how effloresce they are about what you are advertising, etc.Placing the ads on sites related to yours is vitally important, i.e. people surfing for watches will probably not be interested in an ad for para chutes.Your ads should be attractive, takeably animated, clear and to the point. They should be advertising a specific product or service, not just the name of your site. People who click on the ad should be able to find the product or service in question with relative ease. Ideally, the ad should lead directly to it.Pop-up advertising methodA pop-up ad is an ad that pops up in its own window when you go to a page. It obscures the Web page that you are trying to read, so you have to close the window or move it out of the way. Pop-under ads are similar, but place themselves under the content you are trying to read and are therefore less intrusive.A typical site with two pop-up ads that appear on top of the home pageA pop-up ad is a pop-up window used for advertising. When the program is initiated by some user action, such as a snarf click or amouse over, a windowcontaining an offer for some product or service appears in the foreground of the visual user interface. Like all pop-u ps, a pop-up ad is smaller than the background interface windows that fill the user interface are called replacement interfaces and usually resembles a small browser window with only the close, minimize, and maximize options at the top. A variation on the pop-up ad, the pop-under, is a window that loads behind the Web page that youre viewing, only to appear when you leave that Web site.Pop-up and pop-under ads annoy many users because they clutter up the screen background and take time to close. However, they are much more effective than banner ads. Whereas a banner ad might get two to quintuplet clicks per 1,000 impressions, a pop-up ad might average 30 clicks. Therefore, advertisers are willing to pay more for pop-up and pop-under ads. Typically, a pop-up ad will pay the Web site four to 10 times more than a banner ad. That is why you see so many pop-up ads on the Web today.Pop-up windows come in many different shapes and sizes, typically in a scaled-down browser window with only the Close, Minimize and Maximize commands.There is a bullnecked resentment by some Web surfers towards pop-up ads. Marketers often do not realize the ill-will generated by pop-ups because it is easier to click the close button than send an e-mail to complain. Whatcan often be seen is an above-average click-through rate, although some of this can come from ill-considered positives, unintentional clicks when the pop-up gets in the way of the desired target. Advertisers can get a better picture of the effectiveness of pop-up advertising by paying attention to conversion rates and return on investment (ROI).Pop-up ads are not popular with the average Web surfer, and there are several products that modify them, such as Pop-up Stopper, Pop-up Killer, and Pop-up Annihilator. One thing to look for in such a program is the ability to differentiate between user-initiated pop-up windows and others, because many other applications (such asWebcasts, for example) make use of pop-up window s. If a pop-up stopper utility pietism tell the difference between a pop-up window that the user has communicate and an unsought pop-up ad, the program may cause more problems for the user than it solves.The advantage and disadvantage of Facebook advertising methodCHAN JIA JUNAnd take to be how the way to improve this method to attract the eye of people and other u can checkThe advantage and disadvantage of Banner advertising methodChan JIA JUNAnd remember how the way to improve this method to attract the eye of people and other u can understandThe advantage and disadvantage of pop-out advertising methodChan Jia JunAnd remember how the way to improve this method to attract the eye of people and other u can understandConclusionLai kai linNeed to cover and mention uThe different between online and common advertisementWhat you more prefer on (common and online)+ whyIf only have 3 type of method that I mention, what online advertising method you will choosingReference LinkPop-out ad s methodhttp//computer.howstuffworks.com/web-advertising.htm/printableFacebook ads mathodhttp//www.facebook.com/advertising/?campaign_id=217255663720placement=exactcreative=5813419712keyword=facebook+adsextra_1=334da685-4df4-51c9-6341-0000076a659ahttp//goabroad.zhishi.sohu.com/question/65860980.htmlhttp//www.wsu.edu8080/taflinge/addefine.htmlhttp//www.speedace.info/advertising.htmhttp//internet-business-advertising.com/http//mk-mk.facebook.com/adsmarketing/index.php?sk=successLai kai linThis no need do

Problems of Doping in Sport

Problems of Doping in SportDoping is becoming a genuinely serious problem, not only within the united states except approximately the man class too. A attraction people do not rattling understand the term of doping well doping is when an athlete takes a medicate that improves his/her performing ability.So many athletes nearly the world conduct been acc engaged of doing this which brings up the question.Should athletes who have been caught doping be completelyowed to defy their trophies and medals.A spectacular simulation would be lading lifters.There have many situation where weight lifters have been question to gain vigor if they used drugs to help them win.(The use of performance-enhancing drugs, or doping, by professional athletes has been adjudge as a problem since at least the 1960s.Since then thither have been multiple cases where athletes have been caught doping (The number of records that have been broken has take to allegations of use of performance-enhanci ng drugs in sports. ).So its saying that all these record holders are all being accused of doping..Which proves the point that athletes are using these drugs to win.Another example would be Lance Armstrong.Lance armstrong is a world famed bicycler who has won a record holding seven tour de france titles. lately lance has been stripped of all the titles be try come to find out he was doping.(Lance Armstrong, (born September 18, 1971, Plano, Texas, U.S.), Ameri sewer cyclist, who was the only rider to win seven piece de France titles (1999-2005) that who was later stripped of all his titles after an investigation revealed that he was the key figure in a wide-ranging doping conspiracy trance he compiled his Tour victories.)(Alex Rodriguez admits to using performance-enhancing drugs while playing for the Texas Rangers).(Three-time Tour de France succeeder Alberto Contador is stripped of his 2010 title for doping).(The USADA bans sprinter Justin Gatlin for eight years after he tests arbitrary for banned substances a second time. Gatlin is also forced to forfeit his 100-meter world record).(1996 Tour de France winner Bjarne Riis admits using performance-enhancing drugs to win his title. Race organizers tell him to hand over his yellow first-place jersey).Showing that Lance Armstrong is one of the many who have been caught doping. (Armstrong used performance-enhancing drugs-including erythropoietin (EPO) and gentleman growth hormone-and distri scarceed drugs to other cyclists.)Not only has he been caught doping but also of distributing the drug to other cyclist, which mean in that location are more of them out there who have yet to be caught.Lance Armstrong a man who could of had a great career and could have accomplished a lot of unspoilt things unyielding to dope and throw his career away. Not only that but the things he WORKED so hard for to undertake (his medals and trophies) got takes away from him in a instant, proving that athletes who use doping a s a way to get an advantage should be stripe of the tiles and trophies. at one time losing their trophies is not the only negative thing that comes out of doping on with the fact that you are teacher the younger generation to cheat but doping also affects you physically and mentally. Some of the face effects can be very little and some have been know to end in death.(Anabolic steroid abuse has been associated with a wide range of adverse side effects ranging from some that are physically unattractive, such as acne and white meat development in men, to others that are life threatening, such as middle attacks and liver cancer.)There are still few cases where people have died doping. Results may vary depending on your gender, for example if you are a male the results can be (infertility, breast development, shrinking of the testicles,male-pattern baldness). Now for females results can be (anabolic steroids type masculinization. Breast size and body fat decrease, the skin becomes coarse, the clitoris enlarges, and the verbalize deepens. Women may experience excessive growth of body hair but lose scalp hair).Showing that doping once again will cause nada but harm to yourself.What is the point of doping knowing eventually you will get caught, not only are they losing trophies and medals but now they are tardily losing your life.Now Doping can not only hurt you physically but it can hurt you socially as in the people and things around you.First off it can send a mischievousness cognitive content to the younger generation, a lot of these kids grow up in bad environments and do not have much going for them so sports is kind of there way out of that harsh place and when they see their front-runner athletes doping they are going to grow up thinking that it is okay cause that is what they grew up watching.(Alex Rodriguez admits to using performance-enhancing drugs while playing for the Texas Rangers).Alex Rodriguez is a very famous baseball player who played f or the new york yankees and the texas ranger and is a authentically big icon to all the little baseball player. Now do you think they will react when they hear that he has been caught doping? They will believably think it is cool and want to do it when they get older. Which is not the put across the athletes want to be sending but that is how they will take it when they keep hearing about some athlete who got caught doping. Oddly enough some people in society desire doping should be allowed be allowed in sports because they think it will make it more interesting.(others believe that athletes should be plain to improve their performances as they see fit and that sports would be better served if the drugs were true and safe).These are the people who have already been poisoned thinking that doping is a good thing as long as it is safe which no doping is safe. Now there are some people who think it is dump and destroys the honor of the game. (Many people support the idea that th e use of performance-enhancing drugs weakens the integrity of sports).Which shows that a lot of believe that no good comes from doping.Doping is a serious that has been on the mount for a while now ,many athletes have been caught doing it and it can cause wellness problems. Some people have accepted that it is a thing and believe they should be allowed to do it and most people with common sense thinks it is wearisome and should not be allowed. Answer this is doping worth it, knowing that it will cost all the medals and trophies they worked so hard to get and possibly even their life. draw off a difference in the world and stop dopingReferences Abt, Samuel. Lance Armstrong. Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., 18 Jan. 2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2017Doping in Sports, SIRS Discoverer Pro/Con Leading Issues, 2016, SIRS Discoverer, http//discoverer.prod.sirs.comHttps//www.facebook.com/NIDANIH. What be the Health Consequences of Steroid misdirect?What Are the Health Consequ ences of Steroid Abuse? National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2017.. implementation Enhancing Drugs in Sports Fast Facts. CNN Wire, 26 Jan. 2017. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOFsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA478998268it=rasid=28f23581c01e163516b36105e6f71b31. Accessed 6 Feb. 2017.

Pregnant Women: Preeclampsia

Pregnant Women pre-eclampsiaIn todays world complication during pregnancy atomic number 18 not unheard of. In fact many women are at risk for many sort of complication during their pregnancy. One of the most common complications during pregnancy is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia, excessively know as pregnancy induces hypertension, effects between three and eighter percent of all women during pregnancy. Preeclampsia affects the health of the mother and the baby. Preeclampsia is ordinarily diagnosed in the second trimester of the womens pregnancy, more commonly after 32 weeks, simply whitethorn be diagnosed as early as 20 weeks. there is no one way to diagnose preeclampsia. The doctor will reminder the mother for symptoms associated with preeclampsia including an improver in blood pressure, proteinuria (which is an increase in protein in the urine), increase in liver function test, thrombocytopenia, (low blood platelet count), swelling of the upper body, and encumbrance mak e water. Some swelling and weight gain during pregnancy is normal, but a large amount of swelling and weight gain the doctor will question. Other common symptoms for preeclampsia intromit severe headaches, decrease in urine out put, vision changes. f number abdominal pain is other common symptom associated with preeclampsia. These signs and symptoms accompanied by nausea, vomiting and dizziness should be reported to you physician.Women who have certain pre-existing health condition like diabetes, hypertension, obesity and kidney disease beforehand their pregnancy are at a higher risk for developing preeclampsia. foremost time mothers along with Afri piece of ass Ameri kindle, teen and women over forty are at a greater risk for developing preeclampsia. Women with a family taradiddle of preeclampsia t annul to have a higher risk for preeclampsia. If you were diagnoses with preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy your risk are higher. Having a multiple pregnancy, for example twins, increases your risk for developing preeclampsia. On the other give women who have been pregnant more than once tend to have a swallow risk except in those with a family history.Complications may overhaul after the onset of preeclampsia. One common complication is the shunting of blood to the placenta, preventing the placenta from acquiring the proper amount of blood. The decrease in blood flow to the placenta keeps the fetus, your baby, from acquire enough oxygen and food required for healthy development. This can final payment in low birth weights and other complications for your baby including death. Placenta miscarriage is another complication commonly associated with preeclampsia. This is where the placenta pulls away from the uterine wall causing loaded down(p) bleeding. Placenta abortion can cause fetal distress. Placenta abortion is life fleshy for the mother and the baby. HELLP Syndrome may also develop. HELLP Syndrome stands for the symptoms that are involved Hemol ytic anemia, kick upstairs Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count. HELLP Syndrome in many cases has already certain before the mother is diagnosed with preeclampsia. This is one reason early and continuous antenatal care is important. Another major complication of preeclampsia is eclampsia which is the development of seizures during preeclampsia. Eclampsia can cause permanent damage to the internal organs of the mother. If no interposition are taken to resolve preeclampsia the mother may end up having brain damage or end up in a coma or even may end in death for the mother and the baby.The only known treatment for preeclampsia is abortion of the pregnancy if the pregnancy hasnt reached the period of viability or delivery of the mature fetus. nonetheless if the fetus has reached the period of viability the baby may experience complications due to universe premature. In order to prevent this doctors have found ways to inspection and repair manage preeclampsia allowing the fetus more time to mature in the womb. Methods to manage preeclampsia include lowering the blood pressure. The physician may recommend that the mother shrink the amount of salt intake in her viands. While resting it is recommended that the mother lie on her left side to reduce the workload of the heart. Another method used to manage preeclampsia is to take aspirin and a calcium supplement as ordered by your physician. Since there is now way to prevent preeclampsia it is important to desire early and regular prenatal care. If preeclampsia is detected early, you and your doctor can work together to prevent complications and make the best choices for you and your baby.During my friend Jessicas pregnancy the doctors were concerned she had a few predisposing risk factors for preeclampsia including obesity and diabetes before her pregnancy. The doctors were concerned and monitored Jessica very carefully during her pregnancy. Without fail Jessica was diagnosed with preeclampsia at 30 weeks i nto her pregnancy. She developed the classical signs of preeclampsia including high blood pressure with proteinuria accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision. Jessica was worried about the health of her baby. She changed her diet to a reduced sodium diet, and other little things to reduce recommended by her doctor to help her blood pressure. Even after attempts were made to lower Jessicas blood pressure it continued to show an increase in pressure. At thirty-six weeks doctor decided to have the best out come up for her and the baby they were going to induce her labor. Lucky for Jessica she received the appropriate prenatal care the doctor was able to monitor her for preeclampsia.

Nanotechnology In Architecture

Nano applied science In ArchitectureHistorically and geographically human conf function lived in extremely varied applied science or surround and name had to adapt to comfort habitats and thus the architects contri savee had to manage the ideal of cast as headspring as incorporate the evolutionary engineering science.A engineering has evolved to a take where it is just too complex. Sometimes satisfying the deal of the social functionr and well-nightimes becoming too dangerous when the negative consequences be non taken c ar of.For example, the issues of the Large outdos in computer computer architecture is nonp aril much(prenominal) matter which has been partially solved with the help of minuscule personify stuffs, get-up-and-go savingetc. The scientists sire highly-developed and are chronic to develop nanotechnology to help architects incorporate to a greater extent artificial intelligence in construction.Nanotechnology is a combination of various palm of sc ience bid, Bio- technology, Chemistry, Physics, Bio-informatics, etc. on that point are deuce-ace chief divisions in Nanotech Nanoelectronics, Nano satisfyings, and Nano-Biotechnology. Worldwide, there is much extravagance about nanotechnology as it has application in medicine, electronics, biomaterials, faculty etc. It is find that US, Japan, and Ger many an some(prenominal) other(prenominal) a(prenominal) dominate the current RD effort in nanotechnology with a focus on they own expertise and needs (Hyd and spook, 2012).The use and control of the technology at an atomic or particle scale hit the hayn as nanotechnology has started to support its impact like never beforehand in materials of constructions and has immense fantast impact in architecture, this application of the nanotechnology and nanomaterials in architecture is NanoArchitecture.The nano world in technology is a real challenge for flatadayss visualizeers, it started with an understanding and control of the technology and materials on one billionth (10-9) scale. The understanding of these materials, its use in architecture to be profitable for users and its implication on the make (Construction) are some of the key aspect for inquiry in this sermon. With the perfect solution of this dilemma, the Architects would not scarce know how big their task is only when how it might subscribe to to recent ways of thinking architecture.After understanding the meaning and derivation of this technology, we entrust study certain aspects that is a must in todays constructions and and thence we see the direction where this science is going, we go forth similarly look at the ways to incorporate these technologies in our architecture, therefore the question that will deal our research is how does nano (technology, materials, science, creation, form and function) become of the essence(p) to the level of influencing architects (designers).Nanotechnology is developed in the manner that it is sprightly or motionless, this repartition will lead us to a large study but our focus will rely on the relation passive active nanostructure and application of nanotechnology in a straining design and construction.passive voice nanotechnologies, such(prenominal) as nanocoatings, nanoparticles, and nanostructured materials, are already available. endorse generation active nanostructures, for example, nanoelectro-mechanical systems, nanomachines, self-healing materials, and tar give wayed chemicals, shtup evolve their properties, structure and/or call down during their procedure. This could increase nanotechnologys impacts and require overbold approaches for risk assessment.Active nanostructures are say-so to have a different and increased profile of impacts (including benefits as well as dominance risks) compared with passive nanotechnologies.RESEARCH QUESTION How does nano (technology, materials, science, concept, form and function) becomes important to the level of i nfluencing architects (designers). NEED IDENTIFICATIONOver the eld the materials apply in buildings (during construction, inside or outside finishes) has been of a large scale, the evolution today have brought into existence the materials on a microscopic scale with still more value to life and building.They can be metals, ceramics, polymers or composites. know as nanomaterials, nanocomposites, and manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs), the method of making these materials begins at the molecular or atomic level, sometimes creating new products with extraordinary physical and chemical properties. For example, a one C nanotube has strength of 150 times that of steel but is approximately six times lighter. Besides strength enhancement, properties can let in self-cleaning, super hardness, electrical conductivity, antimicrobial choice thermal resistance and stability, non-flammability, lightweight, anti-corrosion, superior barrier, light emitting and low permeability, among separates. Applications in the building diligence include use as fire retardants, high performance insulation, protective coatings, equipment lubricants, structural impartiality enhancement and monitoring, photovoltaic, stronger tensile cables, and self-cleaning or disturb absorbing windows ( CFN, 2011 ) Using these materials which give up extraordinary application in the building can in like manner postulate amazing influences to the architect, designer or the design. because apart from attempting to understand the variety that the nanotechnology brings to our building there is a need to understand by students the uses of nanotechnology for creating break in design.SCOPE A planetary understanding of nano especially toward architecture Nanotechnology (materials) applications in buildings Concept form and function derived from nanoLIMITATION The laboratories details of certain materials and nano applications in medical branches will not be part of our research. This research disserta tion will have some limitation in details like calculations, manufactures process, chemical components. Thinking in more detail about how to use nanomaterials in a design context, a first consideration is only to define what is being design?. But there is a omit of built cuticle studies, so we will rely on subsisting, futurist, staple concept and reading materials. Regarding the size of this matter nanotechnology, we will limit at the level where nanotech is active and very draftly talk about the passive NanotechnologyRESEARCH METHODOLOGYN A N O A R C H I T E C T U R EPART O. COLLECT germane(predicate) DATAThis methodology starts with a basic understanding (through various sources) of nano technology specially its applications in the materials and its relation with form and function in architecture.A. look BooksB. Online discussions ancient and actual debates.C. Study previous paper or dissertations and case studies done on this matter.D. Literature take after Consist keep together all info found and relative to the topic and relevant to the research question.PART I. INTRODUCTION, NEED IDENTIFICATION, SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCHPART II. NANOTECHNOLOGY What is nanotechnology Nanoproducts Categories (Passive and Active) why this fuss Nanotechnology risk Sectors applicationNANOTECHNOLOGIES APPLICATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE = NANOARCHITECUTEPART III. APPLICATION-FORM AND process with its Impact station-purifyingAnti-foggingSolar protectionFire-proofAnti-graffitiScratchproof and abrasion-resistantAnti-fingerprints Self-cleaningEasy-to-clean (ETC)Thermal insulationTemperature regulationUV protectionAnti-reflectiveN. AntibacterialCase studies and examples showing how does certain of these proprieties can be include and what promise does it bring to buildings refreshed architectural readying. New creativities in form and functions.C O N C L U S I O NCASE STUDY METHODOLOGIES capital Case studyBy consulting an expert in the energy inhalation field and m aterials that relate to it. The reading of the applications in nanotechnology in todays constructions is more colligate to Green designers, this part of the design has an impact in the ecology and clime control therefore the green rated buildings has in fact a immense amount of nanotechnology use in it. This leads us to refer to architects involved in green concepts or sustainability from LEED etc ( Ar Alex Nyembo Kalenga) and likewise we could make a overturn studies on the actual certified Green building Rajiv Gandhi urja Bhavan at Vasan Kunj New Delhi Still in Construction.A list of questions has guided our study and survey interview in which the answers are include to our conclusion of this research1. A personal understanding of Nanotechnology or Nanoarchitecture.2. If any specific material at a nano scale is used to improve certain aspects in the building, such as withdrawal reduction Lighting Energy storage Air purification Water management3. How do you think buildings designed just on scientific principles of Nanotechnology will affect their occupants?4. Does Nanotechnology have an impact on todays practicing architects If yes at what scale does it influence them? Any example? If not wherefore so?Secondary Case studyThe conceptual level derived of the recitation of nano differs from an architect to another.1. Two typology of this nano buildings as guided this part of the research5. subsisting Nano Buildings ( Nano House Initiative, Australia )6. Futurist Nano Buildings ( Multi-storey Apartment building, 2001 )2. A list of materials (Function) originated from nanotechnology or concepts that have already been involved to some construction process, structurally or non structurally, environment effect has been touched on to clarify its impact to architecture.REFERENCES..Hyd and spook (2012, January), nanotechnology in india. Retrieved from http//www.indianofficer.com/forums/11771-nanotechnology-india.htmlixzz2Awlr7jNbC tape for Functional Nanomat erials ( 2011). Nanomaterials for architecture and buildings. Brookhaven. Retrieved from http//www.solaripedia.com/13/360/nanomaterials_for_architecture__building.htmlNANOARCHITECTUREImportance of nanotechnology in architectureN A N O T E C H N O L O G YII.1. Fundamental KnowledgeII.1.1. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?A brick is the smallest building block in construction. some(prenominal) you do, the strength of the building is limited to the strength of the brick. The brick itself is made of minute particles of system bonded together. One has limited control over how the particle of clay forms. individually particle of clay in turn is formed from molecules joined together in a particular pattern dictated by the forces of nature. What happens if it is potential to arrange these molecules in a pattern that provides greater strength? You get stronger clay and a stronger brick. This results in a much thinner, but stronger wall. This technology of arranging molecules the way we want is a ba sis of nanotechnology. (Johnzactruba, 2011)A hard definition of nanotechnology characterizes it as the manipulation of a matter at the scale of one-billionth of a meter or smaller. The measurement of one-billionth of a meter is identified as one nanometer (nm) (Jeffrey H. Matsuura,1957).Nano, is a watchword which does not only mean billionth less but also leaves a billionth of question in mind, because of the complexity to understand its simplicity. It is a world hold by the scientist, chemist and physicians.Yes nanotechnology is a relatively upstart suppuration in scientific research but not new. The level of its study and diversity has involved touching now many sphere of life and becoming more and more known by the public.The concept first was introduced by American physicist Richard P. Feynman (1918-1988). But it is noted that in the tenth centuries the 16th centuries the ruby-red color of many stained-glass windows from the medieval era was a consequence of embedded nanosca le metallic particles indoors the glass.There were no scientific understanding of these phenomena at the time, nor were there deliberate attempts to produce what we now know as nanomaterials. Early knowledge relied on craft-based trial and error to grasp cause we must keep in mind, however, that not all enkindle color phenomena are a result of embedded nanomaterials ( Michael F. Ashby, 2009).The evolution of nanotechnology has been more or less in the domain of chemical, medicine and physics (technique) then it involved to the environment, energy, agriculture, communication and information because of some of its advantage and disadvantage in the society.The main legal documents used in nanotechnology are trio main microscopes contagious disease Electron Microscope (TEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). (Jamie Jackson, CIS 121)II.1.2. NANO PRODUCTSUse as gateways to build other nano products, Nanosensors can be chemical sensors or mecha nical sensors. Amongst other applications they can be used To monitor physical parameters such as temperature, displacement and flow As accelerometers in Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices that can rapidly and remotely divulge diversity in their surroundings like ancestrybag sensors For medical diagnostic purposes either as blood borne sensors or in lab-on-a-chip type devices To detect various chemicals in gases for pollution monitoring Sensors using carbon nanotube detection elements are capable of detecting a range of chemical vapors. These sensors work by matching to the varys in the resistance of a carbon nanotube in the presence of a chemical vapor ( Hawks Perch skilful Writing, 2007).II.1.2.1. nanotubeKnown as well as Carbon Nanotube (CNTs), it is a tube- ruled material or cylindrical nanostructure made of carbon, having a diameter of nanometer scale. Nanotubes form a tiny portion of the material(s) in some baseball bats, golf clubs, or car parts.Carbon nano tubes are the strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and ductile modulus several(prenominal)ly. In 2000, a multi-walled carbon nanotube was tested to have a tensile strength of 63 gigapascals (GPa). Since carbon nanotubes have a low density for a solid of 1.3 to 1.4 g/cm3, its specific strength of up to 48,000 kNmkg1 is the best of known materials, compared to high-carbon steels 154 kNmkg1.Standard single-walled carbon nanotubes can withstand a pressure up to 24GPa without deformation. The bulk modulus of super hard phase nanotubes is 462 to 546 GPa, take down higher than that of rhomb (420 GPa for single diamond crystal) and can produce materials with toughness strange in the man-made and natural worlds.Because of the carbon nanotubes superior mechanical properties, many structures have been proposed ranging from everyday items like clothes and sports gear to combat jackets and situation elevators. However, the space elevator will require further efforts in finish carbon nanotube technology, as the practical tensile strength of carbon nanotubes can still be greatly improved (Wikipedia, 2012).II.1.2.2. NanocompositesThe definition of nano-composite material has broadened significantly to extend a large variety of systems such as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional and amorphous materials, made of distinctly dissimilar components and mixed at the nanometer scale (Kanatzidis, 2006).New materials with novel proprieties are generate rapidly through this field. The properties of nano-composite materials depend not only on the properties of their individual parents but also on their morphology and interfacial characteristics.Although nanoscale reinforcements (or nanofillers) of nanocomposites have different kinds of fillers such as nanofibers, nanowires, nanotubes and nanoparticles etc, their mechanical behaviors have some common features. As the insert shows a potential use of nanocomposites as multifu nctional materials (Journal Club, 2008).AREA OF APPLICATIONsuch(prenominal) mechanical property improvements have resulted in major interest in nanocomposite materials in numerous automotive and general/industrial applications. These include potential for utilisation as mirror housings on various fomite types, door handles, engine covers and intake manifolds and timing belt covers. More general applications currently being considered include usage as impellers and blades for vacuum cleaners, bureau tool housings, mower hoods and covers for portable electronic equipment such as busy phones, scallywagrs etc (Professor J.N. Hay, 2001).The inorganic components can be three-dimensional framework systems such as zeolites, two-dimensional layered materials such as clays, metal oxides, metal phosphates, chalcogenides, and even one-dimensional and zero-dimensional materials such as (Mo3Se3-)n chains and clusters. Experimental work has to the highest degreely shown that virtually all typ es and classes of nanocomposite materials lead to new and improved properties when compared to their macrocomposite counterparts.Therefore, nanocomposites which combine new nanomaterials with more traditional ones such as steel, concrete, glass, and plastics, can be many times stronger than standard materials and promise new applications in many fields such as mechanically reinforced lightweight components, non-linear optics, battery cathodes and ionics, nano-wires, sensors and other systems. On the market there already a nanocomposite steel that is three times stronger than conventional steel. Before long, nano-reinforced glass might be used for both structure and enclosure. In the some student projects in the nanoSTUDIO at Ball State University, nanotube structural panels create transparent bearing(prenominal) curtain walls free of columns and beams, quantum dots make walls and ceilings light up or change color with the flip of a switch, and nanosensors in building components cre ate swank environments that constantly adapt to their environment and users.II.1.3. TYPOLOGYM. C. Roco, one of the driving forces behind the NNI, has developed a more detailed typology of nanotechnologies. He identifies four generations of nanotechnologies passive nanostructures, active nanostructures, systems of nanosystems and molecular nanosystems (J. Clarence, 2009)( Fig04 For generation of nanotechnology development, Center for Responsible Nanotechnology )Each generation of products is attach by the creation of commercial prototypes using taxonomic control of the respective phenomena and manufacturing processes. Products may also include components which correspond to different generations. Todays rudimentary capabilities of nanotechnology for systematic control and manufacture at the nanoscale are expected to evolve significantly in both complexity and the degree of integration by 2020.II.1.3.1 Passive to Active nanotechnologyIt has been suggested that an important transitio n in the long-run trajectory of nanotechnology development is a work transmute from passive to active nanostructures.Such a shift could present different or increased societal impacts and require new approaches for risk assessment. An active nanostructure changes or evolves its bring up during its operation, according to the National wisdom Foundations (2006) Active Nanostructures and Nanosystems grant solicitation.Passive (steady function) nanostructuresBehaviour inert or unstable nanostructures which have stable behaviour and quasi -constant properties during their use. latent risk e.g. nanoparticles in cosmetics or food with large scale production and high photo rates.Active (evolving function nanostructures)Behaviour the nanostructures properties are designed to change during operation so behaviour is variable and potentially unstable. Successive changes in state may occur (either intended or as an unforeseen reception to the external environment).Potential risk e.g. nanobi odevices in the human body pesticides engineered to react to different conditions.Categories of active nanostructures are Remote actuated active nanostructures, such as light-actuated embedded sensors Environmentally responsive active nanostructures, such as responsive drug delivery Miniaturized active nanostructures, such as synthetical molecular motors and molecular machines Hybrid active nanostructures, or uncommon combinations of materials, such as silicon-organic Transforming active nanostructures, such as self-healing materials. (M.C. Roco, 2004, 2007)Tour estimates the time it will take to commercialize each of these types as 0-5 years for passive nanotechnologies, 15-50 years or more for active nanotechnologies and 7-12 years for hybrids (J. Clarence, 2009)II.1.4. WHY ALL THE engender ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY?NANOTECHNOLOGY THE SCIENCE CHANGING YOUR LIFE Penny SarchetThe advantages of using nanomaterials in construction are enormous. When you consider that 41 percent of all e nergy use in the United States is consumed by commercial and residential buildings, the potential benefits of energy-saving materials alone are vast (Dr. Pedro Alvarez of Rice University, 2010) and when we have to evaluate the energy used by buildings in the rest of the world the result will surly show that the use of the nanomaterials in buildings will be of an concern necessity.Nanotechnology thus has profound potential because it can free us from some traditional limits and straits us useful new capabilities. Nanotechnology can change some of the physical rules that have traditionally confined us. It can also free us from some of the limitations that have long been placed upon us by size ( Jeffrey H, 1957).The key is to understand the specific risks and implications of the product before it is widely used. This way we can ensure that nanotechnology evolves as a tool for sustainability rather than as an environmental liability (Dr. Pedro Alvarez of Rice University, 2010).Benefic es and profit with the nanotechnology is now in the hand of everyone and architects are with no doubt going to shape this realm to another level.e.g. Solera enables seamless integration of natural daylight into the design and function of buildings. Well daylighted spaces deliver substantial and measurable benefits to sustainability, energy competency and human performance. This series of products provide architects with solutions to solve the challenges traditionally associated with daylighting techniques including solar heat gain, cost, complexity and glare.Other materials such as brick have already showed us the changes that it has done to the industries, life, designers, buildersIn the early days, paint was available in a limited variety of colors for you to choose. Now most of the paint shops have mixers that allow the users to choose the color they require. The manufacturers have to produce and stock only a few basic colors, reducing production and inventory be at much greate r satisfaction to the consumer. The future of nanotechnology will be the personal nano-factories, like the paint mixers, that allow you to produce any material that you require. The shops have to carry only stock in molecular form.Advances in nanotechnology are moving at an exponential rate. It will eventually encompass every field of human activity including energy. (Johnzactruba, 2011)Disadvantages of Nanotechnology Safety hazards with nanomaterials, Some studies sight possible crabby person-causing properties of carbon nanotubes, Some nanomaterials bounded with other materials or components (Jamie Jackson, CIS 121)II.1.5. jeopardize OF NANOTECHNOLOGYIt is obvious to find out that except from the greatness and impressive opportunities that nanotechnology offers, the risks are associated with it as well. And these risk touch-up on Health, environment, IndustryBecause of the size of the particles, nanomaterials may enter human and other living bodies and disrupt body-functions. S ome nanoparticles may also be non-biodegradable thereby posing a new threat to the environment. Therefore it is crucial to examine and estimate the risk for regulating the production, use, consumption and electric pig of these materials. (Hyd and spook, 2012).For example, Health effects of several insulating materials are a concern1. The fibers released from fibreglass insulation may be carcinogenic, and fiberglass insulation now requires cancer warning labels.2. There are also claims that the fire retardant chemicals or respirable particles in cellulose insulation may be hazardous (Dr. George, 2007).The risk most talked about is the ability of nanotech carbon tubes to potentially cause asbestosis-type illnesses, (Mike Childs, 2012)Manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) and nanocomposites are being considered for various uses in the construction and related infrastructure industries. To hand environmentally responsible nanotechnology in construction, it is important to consider the lif ecycle impacts of MNMs on the health of construction workers and dwellers, as well as unintended environmental effects at all stages of manufacturing, construction, use, demolition, and disposal.Emphasis in industries In India, late industry participation has also begun in this area, and there is an emphasis on upbringing public-private partnerships (PPP). Nonetheless government support to this sector remains crucial for three reasons1. Nanotechnology is a capital-intensive technology and is in an embryonic phase, thus industry would not be able to sustain the research effort needed for the creation of scientific and technological infrastructure.2. The state is required to define the regulatory framework. In 2010-11 this process was initiated.3. The state ,particularly in the developing country context, can devise the agenda and resist the tendency to uncritically follow international trends in research that do not address their developmental needs.REFERENCES..Dr. George, 2007. Insulation, nanotechnology for green building. Retrieved from http//esonn.fr/esonn2010/xlectures/mangematin/Nano_Green_Building55ex.pdf page 12Dr. Pedro Alvarez of Rice University (2010, January). Future Cities Nanotechnology promises more sustainable buildings, bridges, and others structures Retrieved from http//portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/ subject?_nfpb=true_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAINnode_id=2103content_id=CNBP_025646use_sec=truesec_url_var=region1__uuid=00475ea1-8da9-4443-8448-baaff07d9f4aHawks Perch Technical Writing (2007). Carbon nanotubesand applications. Retrieved from http//www.understandingnano.com/nanotubes-carbon.htmlHyd and spook (2012, January), nanotechnology in india. Retrieved from http//www.indianofficer.com/forums/11771-nanotechnology-india.htmlixzz2Awlr7jNbJamie Jackson, CIS 121 ready reckoner Programming II (C++). Nanotechnology and the Development of Computer Circuits retrieved from Jeffrey H. Matsuura, (1957). Nanotechnology regulation and policy worldwide. why all the fuss about nanotechnology?. Artech house, boston-london.Journal Club ( 2008, may ). mechanistic Behaviors of Polymer-matrix Nanocomposites. Retrieved from http//me.utep.edu/lrxu/Mechanical%20Behavior%20of%20Polymer.htmJ. Clarence davies, PEN( 2009, April) Oversight of next generation NANOTECHNOLOGYJohnzactruba, (2011, may). Applicationof nano technology for energy, Retrieved from http//www.brighthubengineering.com/power-plants/87228-applications-of-nanotechnology-for-energy/Kanatzidis, (2006, may). Nanocomposites. Retrieved from http//www.cem.msu.edu/kanatzid/Nanocomposites.htmlMichael F. Ashby, Paulo J.Ferreira, Daniel L. Schodek, (2009) Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Design, a brief history of materials, elsevier Ltd. pg 29Mike Childs, 2012, march technology making the splash. http//www.guardian.co.uk/nanotechnology-world/technology-making-a-splashM.C. Roco (2004, 2007), shift to active nanostructures is hypothesized. Retrieved from http//bit.ly/activenanoProfess or J.N. Hay and S.J. Shaw (2001, September). Nanocomposites proprieties and applications. Retrieved from http//www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=921Wikipedia ( 2012, november). Carbon nanotube. Retieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubeNANOARCHITECTUREImportance of nanotechnology in architectureA P P L I C A T I O N S( Fig05 Analysis of Nanotechnology from an industrial Ecology Perspective Part I Inventory Evaluation of support Cycle Assessments of Nanotechnologies.)III.1. Environmental applicationEnvironmentally, Nanotechnology also has the potential to help our environment. lawsuit It controls pollution through source reduction. This is a method of eliminating toxic dissolution at its source, with the understanding that releasing the waste into the environment is the last resort. origin reduction can be achieved by cleaning up existing processes or by reducing consumption of resources where such consumption creates pollution.III.1.1. InsulationThe impact of th e improvement of insulation reductions is counted by billions of pounds annually. Ref table(Fig06 Potential sources of EU CO2 emission reductions )Nanoscale materials hold great promise as insulators because of their extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. This gives them the ability to ambuscade still air within a material layer of minimal thickness (conventional insulating materials like fibreglass and polystyrene get their high insulating value less from the conductive properties of the materials themselves than from their ability to trap still air.) Insulating a nonmaterial may be sandwiched between nonindulgent panels, applied as thin films, or painted on as coatings (Dr. George, 2007) Nanogel panels AerogelThis material as an incredible ability and capacity such as strength, it can take its own load 2000 times reminding that it has only 5 percent solid and the rest is filled with air only an are also applicable on fabric architecture or structures.Because nanoporous aerogels can be sensitive to moisture, they are often marketed sandwiched between wall panels that get moisture. Aerogel panels are available with up to 75 percent translucency, and their high air content means that a 9cm (3.5) thick aerogel panel can offer an R-value of R-28, a valu

Characters that Most Influenced Inman in Cold Mountain Essay -- essays

The novel Cold Mountain is about 2 populates independent journeys through different struggles and situations at the same time. One of these people is Inman, an injured soldier who is trying to squ be up his way home later deserting from the fighting. He meets a lot of strange people along the way. round of them help and some of them hinder. However, they all teach him something about himself, or something that he can relate to himself. There are some characters that are more(prenominal) significant in this respect than others and they have more of an actual find out on Inmans journey.One of these characters is Veasey, the preacher. Inman meets him when he catches the preacher trying to devise a drugged, pregnant girl into the Deep River. Inman saves the girl from Veasey and leaves him to face his punishment. afterward on in the story, Veasey returns with his facecut and marked by bruises. Veasey is a general negative influence on Inmans odyssey. He uses worship to justify h is immoral acts and symbolises false faith and unrestrained selfishness. He is, however, political party for Inman, even though Inman does not want it. They travel together and find a grim roadside inn. It is here that we see Veasey as being a hazard to Inman. Veasey meets a prostitute called Big Tildy and makes a deal. Here, he picks a fight with a drunken, armed man who tries to obligate Big Tildy elsewhere. The two men draw their pistols at each other, and Tildy takes Veaseys from him. Veasey wants to continue with the fight. Inman steps in and the drunken man goes away. Youre set on getting us both killed. Inman realises that Veasey is a danger and tries to leave him behind when he leaves, the next day. Veasey however, catches up to him again. Together they both meet Jun... ...s ironic because all throughout the novel we have comprehend stories of Inmans terrible ordeals in the war.Inmans journey has been both negatively affected (Veasey) and positively affected (Sara). In my opinion, for all of the bad things that get hold to Inman, something good happens. The best example of this is Veasey. Inman puts up with Veasey and his annoying habits for so long, and he saves his life in the end. Therefore, even the negative influences that Inman experiences on his odyssey, result in a positive outcome.Inman learns a lot from the people that he meets on his odyssey. Some affect his journey and some do not. There are characters that have not been mentioned because they are not as influential as the ones that have been. Characters like the gypsies, who show Inman that stereotypes cannot always be trusted, do not help him on his psychological journey.

A Brief History of Unix :: Computer Science

A Brief History of UnixThis document is designed to give mickle with no previous UNIX discover some sense of what UNIX is. This document go forth cover the memoir of UNIX and an introduction to UNIX.HISTORY OF UNIX AND CAUSES FOR ITS POPULARITYMost discussions of UNIX begin with the history of UNIX withoutexplaining why the history of UNIX is important to understanding UNIX.The remainder of this document depart describe some strengths andweaknesses of UNIX and attempt to explain why UNIX is becomingpopular. all(a) of UNIXs strengths and weaknesses can be directlyrelated to the history of its development, hence a discussion ofhistory is very make use offul.UNIX was originally developed at cost Laboratories as a privateresearch project by a small company of people starting in 1969. Thisgroup had experience with a number of different run systemsresearch efforts in the 1970s. The goals of the group were to designan direct system to satisfy the following objectivesSimple and dand ifiedWritten in a high level speech preferably than hookup manner of speakingAllow re-use of codeTypical vendor operational systems of the time were extremely large andall create verbally in assembly language. UNIX had a relatively small amountof code indite in assembly language (this is called the substance) andthe remaining code for the operating system was written in a highlevel language called C.The group worked to begin with in the high level language in developingthe operating system. As this development continued, small changeswere necessary in the kernel and the language to allow the operatingsystem to be completed. Through this evolution the kernel andassociated software were extended until a complete operating systemwas written on top of the kernel in the language C.UNIX APPLICATION computer programming INTERFACEMany proprietary operating systems have a alter view ofapplication behavior. The typical application reads some data fromdisk, memorialize or a termina l and does some processing. Output is producedonto disk, tape, tape, terminal, or printer. The operating systemsgenerally provide easy to use well-implemented facilities to supportthese types of facilities.As applications let more sophisticated they need new features suchas entanglement access, multi-tasking, and interprocess communications. In tralatitious operating systems, these features are often hard to use,not well documented, and only callable from assembly language. When aprogram makes use of these features, the program may be untold morecomplex and much more difficult to maintain.In UNIX because the C language was written to be used to implement anoperating system rather than a traditional input-processing-outputapplication, use of these sophisticated features is quite easily donefrom the C language without writing any assembly language.

The American Dream in The Lost Beautifulness and The Gilded Six-Bits Es

The American fancy in The bemused Beautifulness and The Gilded Six-BitsThe America moon is defined in general as a trance of a land that is come apart richer for everyone based on accomplishment and opportunity. This dream is usu tout ensembley seek subsequently by stack who have been deprived of their social and human values. throng who have not been able to achieve this dream based on restrictions of their situations that plague their lives. These situations can be different for everyone, race, sex, handicap, etc. My question is this mark obtainable? To me there is one thing that powers this dream a appetite to be of higher socio-economic class, socially and financially. The one thing that drives this monster apprehension of the American dream has always been around since the beginning of time. In The Lost Beautifulness by Anzia Yezierska and The Gilded Six-Bits by Zora Neale Hurston this power is the source of main encounter in these stories. Money it all comes down to money, no matter what you commemorate the American dream is the received definition is money. Money plays the biggest role in society no matter where you are, you either have it or you fagt. People come to America because it is the richest country in the world. In my proportion of these stories you will see what money does to cause conflict with Hanneh Hayyeh and Joe. The American dream can be categorized into many definitions, but behind them all one thing stands MONEY.There are similarities when comparing these two stories, similarities that go back to the main problem with the American dream money. both(prenominal) Hanneh and Joe pauperizationed a piece of the pie. They both wanted to feel desire the upper class weather it was a painted uninfected kitchen or gold teeth. Hannehs urge to be like the upper class is shown through this quote it had been Hanneh Hayyehs ambition to have a white-painted kitchen exactly like that in the old Stuyvesant Square mansion (Yezierska 1253). This urge to be like Mrs. Preston was pushed by money she wanted to have a white kitchen like the one in the mansion. Hanneh had the American dream on her musical theme she wanted to have something to prove. Hanneh wanted to prove to everyone that a Russian immigrant could alike have the American dream to have money and nice things. all that Hanneh wanted to do was to have something nice for her son, something that he could come house and enjoy after being at war for so long. Althou... ...ey were eluded to figure that it was worth everything and got tricked in return. Hanneh though lost everything and thrown onto the street, Joe lost the yet when thing he lived for his pride of Missie. In conclusion The American Dream for Hanneh and Joe were both plagued by the one thing they didnt have, money. Money stands in the way of many things for many people. You have to have money to tell on money, and you need to be someone to know someone. Hanneh and Joe had many more simi larities than differences in my opinion. They both wanted to be rich and have things that only the upper class can have. The American dream for both of them was to be something that they were not I used these two characters from these two stories because I intend that they got cheated in the same way. They both wanted so bad for people to respect them and to maybe get a piece of that dream pie. In the end the American dream is not a dream, it is a smorgasbord of the wealthy the higher class. This dream will always be sought after by the little man, and will always be true for the rich man. Hanneh and Joe are prime examples of the outcome of dreaming. I guess if you want money you have to dream.