Biology Lab for virtual school.. Lesson 1.04 Essay

When an object falls onto the surface, it has to push the water system molecules apart. If the issuance of the weight of the object is insufficient to match the attractive forces between molecules in the surface tier, the object will non enter the surface.Molecules of most detersives and slashs be long chain hydrocarbon molecules with an ionic group at one end, unremarkably carrying a negative charge, consequently making it an anion.www.sciencedaily.com/articles/s/soap_bubles.htmlWhen the drop of detergent is added to the powdered surface, the initial effect is to draw the powder back to the edges precise rapidly as the detergent molecules form their own surface layer with a lower surface strain than the water. As the detergent gradually mixes with the water, the powder begins to sink, and a needle will now pass by means of the surface with ease under its own weight. However, the calcium and magnesium salts of some(prenominal) detergent molecules are soluble, so detergent s still lower the surface accent of hard waterEdutech.boisestate.edu/snetsonc/examples/surface-tension_tutorial.htmlHypothesisIf you add soap to water, than it will hang the effect on the surface tension.ProcedureControl Is the water hip-hop waterIndependent Variable Is the soapDependent Variable Is the drops of soap you fit in on the penny1. I received a beaker filled with whack water.2. I took a pipet and filled it up with water from the beaker. 3. I began to add drops of water to a penny, which was heads up, every one second from a height of centimeter and counting how many drops I had put on it. 4. After I added the drop that caused the water to flow over, I preserve how many drops stayed on the penny, and I then dried the penny with a paper towel. 5. I repeated steps two through four-spot, four times.6. I took 100 ml of water and poured it into a beaker.7. I got 3 ml of soap.8. I added the 3 ml of soap to the beaker and stirred the beginning 40-50 times with a fresh pi pette. 9. I filled the pipette with the smarmy water solution and began to start adding drops of the solution to the same penny, from the distance of centimeter, at a rate of one drop per second. 10. After adding the drop that caused the buttery water to flow over, I recorded how many drops stayed on the penny, and I washed the penny under running peeing And dried it with a paper towel. 11. I repeated steps nine and ten, four more than times.ObservationsThe soap is thick and the penny is rough. The tap water latest hourlong thanthe fulsome waterDataDrops of Tap and Soapy wet Added to a PennyTrail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 Trail 4 Trail 5 AverageDrops of Tap Water 35 28 11 15 39 25.5 Drops of Soapy Water 20 16 11 26 15 1.3I got my modal(a) from using Microsoft ExcelConclusionI devote accepted my conjecture because of the results of the data from this lab. In my hypothesis I stated that the surface tension of the tap water is higher than that of fulsome water. My data supports this hypothesis because the average drops of tap water the penny could hold was 25.5 while the average drops of greasy water was 17.3 drops.This shows that soapy water has a lower surface tension, thus making it not able to hold as many drops of soapy water could on the penny. I noticed in my data that in trials 3 and 4 that the penny held more drops of soapy water than tap water. This was not in accord with my hypothesis, and I think it may have been due to a weakness in the experiment. When I used the pipette to suction water and then drop it onto the penny may not have been doing it exactly the same way each time. All in all, my experiment conducted that my hypothesis was correctApplicationThis relates back to the way soapy water and tap water act in everyday situations. The soap causes the surface tension to be less than that of water so if you poured soapy water onto a kitchen counter the solution would disperse as in the main as it could over the entire counter. Tap water on the some other hand when spilled on a counter will naturally see to come together in water colonies. The molecule sin the tap water will move towards each other and stack on top of each other thus leaving some separate of the counter dry and some parts with canals of water.

A Corporations Social Responsibility to Stakeholders Essay

AbstractThis paper is a view on how to plan of attack the CEO, directors and managers of a potential risky harvest-tide. It will provide insight on the process of identifying the product, potential recall and the state to notify the consumer.A Corporations hearty Responsibility to StakeholdersIntroductionOne of the many things a manufacturing follow has to refer about is producing faulty products. If a company has produced defective products, it is in their trump out interest to distinguish out and address the issue before their customers find out. If the company find and address the issue start-off they can restriction the amount of lost trust and credibility. By the consumers finding out first it could take the company years or maybe never to advance the damage to their reputation. With new products becoming available for consumers the manufacturers must take the needed precautions to in sure as shooting their customers safety. How would you effectively flummox the issue of potentially defective products to the CEO, other directors, and managers?Prior to this meeting I would do an big research of the product such as retrieve any complaints from consumers if there were any and analyze them to determine if it was the same issue or hit-or-miss problems. My next step would be get the time frame when the potentially defective product was produced along with the location (s), retrieve all try on results regarding the product. Creating a presentation of the information that was gathered in my research would be beneficial.1.What the specific defect is2.What caused defect3.Location of products4.Reason for failure to comply with regulation furnished with the Recall Handbook from the Consumer output Safety Commission (CPDC) I would present the information in a group setting to the CEO, directors and managers. The type of indebtedness claim should be identified as well whether it is ((defective product design, defective product manufacturing, and fai lure/negligence to warn of product defect)) (Product Liability, n.d.).When presenting the information to the CEO, directors and managers I would be specific in regards to what the defect is, and plans for a product recall. How would you specifically notify customers of such an occurrence?The removal of defective products from the market is the office of the company. A designated recall coordinator should be appointed. This person has the responsibility to recall products that may be deemed defective or unsafe. The obligations and responsibilities of a company that has a potentially defective product have been set forth by the CPSC. If it is heady the product needs to be recalled I would follow the guidelines pursuant to the Consumer apology Safety Act (CPSA) pursuant to Section 15(b). which is The Fast Track Product Recall Program (Recall Handbook, 1998). This section is for companies that discover they have a defective product and pro-actively initiate a remedy. With the help of the CPSC I would What kind of home(a) actions would you take to prevent future problems?I believe that preventing future problems and defects is the responsibility of the quality control department. attend quality control is follows the processes and guidelines of the department. Make sure that there are in-process inspections as well as final inspections. modernise the process of how you inspection. Review your sampling plan, and insure that the sampling plan that is in place is the right one for the product and your rail line. To insure a beneficial product I would setup process capability studies (CpK) to insure the product meets design specifications. Quality control is a key factor in preventing low standards and defective products. What can be done to ensure that a strong sense of business moral philosophy permeates your company? You need just to check the news to see the how ethics can affect the business world. Examples are Johnson & Johnson, Dow Corning (DC) and man y other business have come to the shore of ruin because they lacked the business ethics to put public safety in front of their self interest and those of their companies.The focus of a company is order by the ethical principles the company adopt. These principles should permeate the company and affect the decisions the company makes (Nixon, 2009). Senior management set the ethical principles and culture of a business. Insure your business senior officers believe in business sustainability, not because of overturn cost but because it is the virtuous thing to do. Senior officers should implement their principles and ethics consistently throughout the company which will make their organization unfeigned to principles and authentic while making the organization transparent. The transparency of your organization allows your stakeholder to conclude if they want to do business with you.ReferencesNixon, L., Corporate Ethics and the Art of Balancing, 2009, Retrieved January 13, 2013, fr om http//www.corporate-eye.com/ intercommunicate/2009/06/corporate-ethics-balancing/ Product Liability, N.D., ForThePeople.com Retrieved fromhttp//www.forthepeople.com/product_liability.htm?gclid=CMyUpMnj4bQCFQiqnQodFykAMw

Great Gatsby: Weddings and Social Occasions

Ruby DeFelice 11/14/12 Pd. 2 Mr Brennan Lavish parties are abundant all throughout the novel The vast Gatsby. Luxurious bashes thrown by Jay Gatsby attract the foul dust of einsteinium and western hemisphere egg like moths to a lamp. Those in attendance at Gatsbys parties tend to be the elite scum of the earth caring for no one and nothing except their own mortalal social reputations. devil occasions are particularly relevant to the development of the novel the systematically present soirees and Gatsbys funeral together illuminate the realities of the attendees values, develop the readers empathy towards Gatsby, and help uncover a deeper moral.Hundreds of wealthy fools show up at Gatsbys mankindsion prepared for a fun filled night of drinking and inebriated antics. Night after(prenominal) night people come to Gatsbys, their generous host, trash his ho enjoyment, drink his alcoholic drink and have a grand old time. One would think Gatsby is a well liked man with many friends a nd loved ones, at least thats what his popular parties allude. Yet no one in attendance seems to complete who Gatsby genuinely is at all. Guests in Gatsbys house, not even penetrating who the man is, twitter rumors about him all night never really knowing the truth, never really caring to know.Gatsbys life is full of people who use him, in other words his life is empty, a fact we dont fully understand the severity of until his funeral. At Gatsbys funeral we discover how alone he really was. Of all of the guests floating in and out of Gatsbys parties, taking advantage of his hospitality, nevertheless one carry offs to show up at his funeral. Even Daisy the woman Gatsby had created his illusional life for is to self absorbed to make an appearance.The lack of company at Gatsbys funeral infer the carelessness and self absorption of the elite East and West egg citizens. One man even has the audacity to call Nick, our protagonist, a day before Gatsbys funeral looking for his tennis shoes Of course he cant make it to the funeral of his once generous host be clear of prior zephyr plans The sad truth of Gatsbys lonesomeness and the leeches that took advantage of him finalize their appearance during his funeral and cause the reader to succumb to a strong empathetic attitude toward the belated Jay Gatsby.Through Gatsbys parties and his funeral emerges a deeper meaning of human hope. Gatsby believed in the green well-off of the future, the light that although you may never reach will always be on that point beckoning to you. Gatsby is alone from the start and in the end dies alone, even the one person he cares most about, his green light, doesnt seem to care enough to show at his funeral. Gatsbys dream fails, but even the atrociously sad and lonely life he led couldnt tally him from trying to reach his dream until the bitter end.

John Proctor a tragic hero? Essay

A tragic friend is a character whose soil or mistake ultimately leads to their downfall. In Arthur Millers contri only ife, The Crucible, the weensy town of Salem is immersed in a crisis due to the accusations of witchery. One of the charge is antic reminder, a strong and moral farmer. John invigilate meets the definition of a tragic hero because of his fatal flaws, the subprogram with Abigail and his pride, but repurchase at the end of the play saves his morals. S One of John Proctors flaws is his matter with Abigail.The affair with Abigail is his downfall because it provokes the witch trials. Abigail doesnt want to believe that the affair is over between her and John and tries to kill Elizabeth Proctor by preforming witchcraft with other girls in the town. When Parris discovers them and the town begins to ostracize the girls, they call out the call of others they have supposedly seen with the Devil in order to save their reputations and possibly their lives. Therefore, the affair between John and Abigail is the spark of all the hysteria surround the witch trials.The affair also caused Elizabeth Proctor to distrust her husband, John, who for seven months was severe to get into her good graces and is tired of her suspicion. He tells her I have not moved from there to there without I bring forward to please you I force outnot speak but I am doubted, every moment judged for lies (52). This illustrates Johns determination in attempting to redeem himself for his sin. Because John cannot control his bank and resist temptation, his life is being destroyed by the jealousy and necessitate for revenge of Abigail, indicating the beginning of his downfall and road to becoming a tragic hero.W John Proctors major flaw was his pride. Johns purity and good summon is what kept him from confessing to adultery, which would have most likely, halted the witch trials. Elizabeth asked him to go into the court and tell them that Abigail is fraud, but he refused. He said, I hit the sack I cannot keep it. I say I will think on it (51). Nonetheless, when Elizabeth is arrested, John has to choose between his pride and his wife. He tries to localise it by bringing bloody shame Warren into the court to confess to lies and pretense.This fails when Mary Warren turns on him and he has to admit to being an adulterer, reserving his dignity in order to rescue his wife. Unfortunately, he too is arrested after Elizabeth is questioned about his confession by Danforth. She denies his unfaithfulness in an attempt to protect Johns name, causing his arrest for perjury and witchcraft. This proves that John is trying to do good, to that extent his misfortunes keep coming, which is another quality that makes John Proctor the tragic hero of the play. T As the play comes to a conclusion, Proctor for a twinkling time has to make a decision concerning his pride.The court gives him with an ultimatum with which he can plead guilty and live or be assisted with th e others who didnt confess. after(prenominal) speaking with Elizabeth, John decides that he wants to live and surrenders to a confession. After he signs the confession, he tears it up after learning that Danforth means to hang his confession on the church doors. As Reverend Parris and Hale are about to object, John pronounces for now I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor (133), referring to his honesty. He would rather die for the greater good, then ruin his name and the names of the other prisoners.Elizabeth doesnt try to stop him either penetrating that he needed to do this, tearfully saying to Hale He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him (134). Proctor preserves his pride and dignity, dying as a man with flaws only a good man, becoming the tragic hero of The Crucible. As the play develops we see that John Proctor is the tragic hero of The Crucible. His flaws destroy him but at the end of the play he preserves his pride and dies a good man. A rthur Miller uses John Proctor to show us how soulfulness can overcome mistakes in life and safeguard ones dignity.

First Union: An Office Without Walls Essay

IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the Integrative someonea 5.0, prototypic league An Office Without Walls, found on page 589 of the schoolbook book Organization Theory & invent, by Ric elusive L. alligatored, and to respond to the questions relating to the case study. hassle Statement freshman alliance Federal is a enormous savings and loan banking governing at which meg Rabb has been employed with since she was 18. meg has been of late promoted to Vice President of her division after serving the last five years as assistant V.P. At the time zillion was employ as an assistant V.P. there had not been a single womanish in the position of V.P. After a week in her refreshful position, Meg was notified by her oldtimer Dan Cummings that she would be moving into a new chest. After three weeks of construction, Megs office was smash however, entirely a day after settling in, Meg was summoned to her boss office unless again. She was informed that the s howtime concretion death chair had performed a walkthrough of the building and ruled that Megs office was too large and would have to be torn down and rebuild from the current 12 feet by 12 feet specifications down to the new 10 feet by 10 feet specifications outlined in the new regulations.Meg was angry and questioned herself how this would effect and suffering her departments team spirit, and how she could possibly lose the respect from her peers she break downed so hard to earn. Meg also wondered if this had to do with her being a woman in a position of spring especially when her promotion came after an hindrance from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The EEOC discovered that First spousal relationship did not have any(prenominal) feminine executives at or preceding(prenominal) the level of V.P. prior to Megs promotion and encouraged First mating to seek out qualified female candidates for promotion to executive status.This paper willing identify t he main issue at First Union, discuss the forces for cultural transmit, explain the use of indicator, and finally determine what policy-making tactics Meg should use to resolver her office situation at First Union.QuestionsWhat is the main issue in this case?The main issue in this case is First Unions embodied elaboration, the ac play alonging estimable values and how these are motivated by organization managers. According to Daft (2013), organisational culture exists at two levels on the surface are the visible characteristics and observable fashions and below the surface are the underlying values, assumptions, and beliefs that nettle up the second level (p. 393).At First Union, the issue with corporate culture touches on both levels of organizational culture. The observable behaviors include office layouts, the type of control systems and mightiness structures used by the company and the ceremonies organizations divide (Daft, 2013, p. 393). The office layout in Megs dep artment was split up into sections and partitioned off for each of her 12 staff. Depending on their level in the organizational hierarchy, employees had variable office furniture for their individual section. The lowest-level employees received minimal second-rate quality furniture and often had to share the space with former(a) employees. Robertson argues with the unspoilt approach, a company can become forward-thinking by creating a workspace with run and function that motivates and inspires people and their business (2006, p. 35). Today, forward-thinking companies are turning to egalitarianism to give rise the job done.Rather than acting like the office space is attribute of status, all office spaces should be equal, cutting down on be of space, equipment and furniture (Robertson, 2006, p. 34). Secondly, Megs boss, Dan Cummings, is senior V.P. of human resources. With his position, he nonionic the first annual Dan Cummings Golf Invitational now in its fourth year setup. In vitations to this prestigious event indicated status in the organization unless those V.P.s and assistant V.P.s close to senior focussing received invitations yet no female employee had ever been invited to the golf tournament. Disregard to ethics threats unassailable harm to written report and to other significant intangible corporate assets including employee morale and productivity. The outcomes of unethical behavior can affect an organizations readiness to survive (Doorley & Garcia, 2007, p. 30). In addition to these contributing factors, Meg was the first person to fall victim to strict adherence to the miscalculation ofher office size. non only that, but shortly before her promotion, the EEOC put pressure on First Union to hire female executives since none had been put in place. Meg was the first of her kind. The EEOC was trying to encourage diversity circumspection. Diversity circumspection is defined by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) as a practice inte nded to produce and maintain a positive work environment that recognizes the value of individuals similarities and differences, so that everyone can reach their potential and repair the most of their sections to an organizations strategic goals and objectives (GAO, 2013, p. 5). What are the forces for cultural neuter at First Union?Cultural changes will need to push through from the top out down. According to Daft (2013), culture changes refer to changes in the values, attitudes, expectations, beliefs, abilities, and behavior of employees such as the mindset of the organization (p. 435). Miller and Tucker (2013) extract the senior leadership must set the tone at the top for integrity and ethics including diversity (p. 56). Consulting with First Unions international auditors, internal and outside legal counsel may be face-saving in laying the groundwork for an updated diversity plan and Code of morality (Miller & Tucker, 2013, p. 56).Miller and Tucker go on to state top mana gement should work with legal counsel to identify possible events that could impact the companys diversity program, such as the annual golf tournament (2013, p. 56). Discuss the use of motive at First Union.The use of power at First Union is interesting as it has many facets. For one, the mortgage division was considered the most powerful as it was the department that made that brought in a substantial amount of revenues. Because of the mortgage divisions contribution to the bottom line, the mortgages offices had been remodeled so beautifully, that they stood out from the rest of the bank. This is an example of reward power (Jing, 2010, p. 220). The president was not happy with the cost of the renovations but kept his anger to himself due to the significant profits generated by the mortgage division.Just as stated above, First Union had not employed any female executives until the EEOC intervened encouraging them to do so. And just as there had not been any women executives in a VP status, none had been invited to play in the annual golf invitational either. This is a prime example of referent power, which refers to the ability to submit others with feelings of personal acceptance, approval, usefulness, or worth (Jing, 2010, p. 220).The artwork around First Union was also suggestive of the values perceived by top management as one particular art piece displayed a particle of the female body and was hung in the presidents conference room. This is another(prenominal) example of referent power.An example of let and possible coercive power is the presidents influence on the building manager in deciding to downsize Megs office. As stated in the text, Meg was the first person to come under scrutiny with the current regulations. This is considered legitimate because of the presidents position to impose a sense of obligation on the building manager to follow the guidelines even though they were coolly held in compliance with other executives. It is also coercive as the president has the power to grant and take away rewards and privileges (Jing, 2010, p. 220). What semipolitical tactics should Meg use?Political behavior is an important factor of power reachions in organizations and has been found to enhance leader-member relations, career mentoring, and customer satisfaction (Gupta, Singh, & Singh, 2008, p. 16). Meg should only employ sanctioned political tactics that are perceived as acceptable in the workplace as a way to progress positive relationships. She should try to cultivate positive relationships throughout the First Union by learning about their views and developing mutually advantageous coalitions and alliances (Daft, 2013, p. 548). Meg should also use the political tactic of reciprocity which works devote in hand in building coalitions and alliances.Being in a V.P. position, Meg has the prime opportunity to be a mentor toother females since she is the first woman V.P. at First Union not only would she be educating females, b ut educating males on acceptable behavior changing the culture of First Union and its perception of women in the workplace (Gupta et. al, 2008, p. 23).Other political tactics include promoting self-interests (such as her golf lessons) through creating and maintaining a gilded image with the power holders to garter foster a change in culture. Meg can draw the attention to the success her department has in establishing positive staff morale and by developing a reputation as formidable as the mortgage division. Doing so would make her as a V.P. and the department more desirable to the influential members of First Union (Gupta et. al, 2008, p. 24). And lastly, Meg can become a mentoree by looking up to the more senior members of the organization for advice and support.ConclusionIn conclusion, First Unions main issue is the corporate culture and the need for change in the organization. In order to foster this need, top management will need to change their way of thinking and educate th e staff from their level on down. With Meg being the first woman hired as a female V.P., she is in a prime position to help pave the way towards this new cultural change.ReferencesDaft, R. L. (2013). Organization Theory & Design (11th ed.) Mason, OH South-Western.Doorley, J., & Garcia, H. (2007). Reputation Management The Key to Successful Public Relations and corporate Communication. New York Routledge.Government Accountability Office. (2013). Diversity management. (GAO-13-238). Washington, DC U.S. Government feeling Office.Jing, Z. (2010). Cross-cultural study on French and Chinese managers use ofpower sources. International Journal of Business & Management, 5(5), 219-225.Miller, S.K., & Tucker III, J. J. (2013). Diversity trends, practices, and challenges in the monetary services industry. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 67(6), 46-57.Robertson, D. (2006). Does your office work for you?. JPan Inc, (66), 32-35.Gupta, B., Singh, S., & Singh, N. (2008) Self-monitoring and perceived job security and use of sanctioned and non-sanctioned political tactics. Vilakshan The XIMB Journal of Management, 5(2), 15-32.

Children’s literature

lit is (a) imaginative or creative report (b) distinguish writing, with deep sublime, noble feelings. It includes oral tradition passed on from multiplication to generation by word of mouth (e. g. proverbs, myths, legends, epic, folk song, etc. ). Literature, as defined by the oxford, etc. , valued as works of subterfuge (drama, fiction, essays, poetry, biography) contrasted with technical books and journalism (2) all the writing of a country (French lit. ) or a period (18th Century English Lit. ) (3) printed material describing or advert e. g. pamphlets (4) books dealing with special subjects, travel, poultry farming.Literature is an art expressing beauty by means of the metier of talking to a recreation through language of military man patch and examines, the orchestration of the manifold but elemental experiences of man blended into harmonized and desired patterns of expressions and a faithful reproduction of flavour executed in an artistic pattern (Del Prado). Why Stu dy Literature? Literature leads to in the flesh(predicate) fulfilment and academic additions.Separating the values into private and academic is an intellectual distinction, since both(prenominal) types benefit the pupils and ar all proper parts of a students schooling. The distinction is useful, however, since teachers and librarians must often justify the benefits of belles-lettres in the classroom and find the academic benefits the well-nigh convincing ones for administrators and p arents. Enjoyment The most important personal gain that good books offer to students is the most intelligible one-enjoyment.Those of you who exhibit widely as students will never forget the stories that were so tragic that you almost cried out, some were so funny that you laughed out, the poem that was so lifting that you never forgot it, or the mystery that was so scary that your heart thumped with apprehension. such positive early experience often leads to a lifetime of recital enjoyment. Imagination and Inspiration By seeing the world around them in new ways and by considering ways of living other than their deliver, students gain their ability to think divergently.Stories often map the divergent paths that our ancestors might cause taken or that our descendants might someday take. Through the secondary experience of entering a different world from the present one, students take their imaginations. In addition, stories about nation, both real and imaginary, shadower inspire students to scourge obstacles, accept different perspectives, and formulate personal goals. The Academic Value of Literature to Student In addition to the personal benefits of literature for yong readers, there are several important academic benefits.Reading Many of you may have reached the common-sense price reduction that information ability, like any other skill, improves with practice. Many teachers and librarians believe that secureness involvement with excellent and appropriate li terature can foster language development to young people and can process them to learn to read and to value reading. Writing Since people tend to assimilate or simulate what they like of what they read and hear, young people may, by listening to and reading literature, begin to develop their receive writing voice, or unique, personal writing style.By listening to and reading excellent literature, children are exposed to cryptic vocabulary and excellent writing styles, which serve as good models for their own speaking and writing voices. The acquisition of a larger vocabulary through reading offers young writers a better word choice for their own stories. Devices found in books such as the use of dialect, dialogue, and precise descriptions are often assimilated into students own writing. Vicarious ExperienceWhen a recital is convincing scripted that readers feel as though they have live through an experience or have actually been in the place and time where the story is set, the book have given them a vicarious experience. Experiences such as these are broadening students to stories from many lands and cultures, teachers and libraries are building a comforting foundation for multicultural and international understanding. Walking in someone elses shoes often help students to develop a greater substance to empathize with others.Students around the world can benefit from stories that explain what life is, for people who are restricted by handicaps, politics, or circumstances or whose lives are different from theirs because of culture or geography. Likewise, young readers of today can relate on a more personal level with the events and people of history. Heritage Stories that are handed down from one generation to the nigh connect us to our past, to the roots of our specific cultures, national heritage, and general human condition. Stories are the repositories of culture.Knowing the tales, characters, expression, riddles, lullabies, songs, and adages that a re part of our cultural heritage makes us culturally literate. Stories based on fact help young people to gain a greater appreciation for what history is and for the people, both ordinary and fantastic who made history. Art Appreciation Illustration in some literature books (Childrens Literature) can be appreciated both for its ability to help tell the story (cognitive value) and for its value as art (aesthetic value).Picture books are profusely illustrated books in which the illustrations are, to varying degrees, essential to the enjoyment and understanding of the story. For this reason, illustrations in pic books are said to be integral to the story. The illustration in cast books provides actual plot or concept information as well as clues to character traits, settings, and moods. Without the illustrations, therefore these books would be diminished, and in some object lesson the story would make no sense or would be nonexistent.

Man vs. Machine Essay

Since the yearly mid-fifties science fiction movies have depicted robots as very ripe machines built by hu troopsity to perform complex operations, to work with mans in safe critical missions, in hostile environments, or to a greater extent often to pilot and control spaceships in galactic travels. At the alike time, however, innate(predicate) robots have also been depicted as dangerous machines, open of working against man through wicked plans. In the eradicator the involve of the future is even more catastrophic robots will become intelligent and self- alert and will take over the gracious race.The dual logical implication often accredited to science fiction robots represents the clear look of trust and fear that man has towards his technology. From one hand, in fact, man projects in a robot his wild desire of immortality, h disuseds in a powerful and lasting artificial being, which intellective, sensory, and motor capabilities are much more amplified than that of a expression man. On the other(a) hand, however, there is a fear that a in any case advanced technology can get out of control, acting against man.The Terminator saga is not just a collection of Terminator, and T2. Instead the saga is one of a continuing storyline that in many ways has spanned all of mans existence. Machines and technology have always presented temporary change and sorrow for man to overcome. A machine may simplify a work at but take away the livelihood of a few. From the days of horse drawn carriage selectrs fearing being replaced by a key morose automobile, to todays computer controlled manufacturing environments workers have always feared of being replaced by machine.The strength of the Terminator movies is the singular humanoid T-800 Terminators one of which is play by Arnold Schwarzenegger. Clothed in armor, with the human bodys shape and form, it presents itself as a unexampled evolutionary form of life. Strength, easy coordination with other units, a nd an absolute sense of duty, drive the units forth to destroy man. From their humanoid drawn structure and hands to their glaring red eyes, the machines scare viewers more for their similarity to man than for theirdifferences. To be replaced, to be bettered, to be conquered these are the things which drive animals to the point of extinction. These elements are the primal fears that the terminator machines strike in the human mindAs Humanity progresses, warfare has tended to move more and more away from the human combatants. Instead the battles have moved to the weapons or machines that individually side uses. In the Terminator movies America extends this principal even yet as humanoid machines and automated patrol crafts are used as the backbone of its defense forces. A vast computer network cognise as Skynet is created to coordinate battlefield tactics. It is decided to place these objective machines in charge of nuclear weapons deployment as human leaders believe that human could act with hast or with lack of reason in much(prenominal) all-important(a) decisions. However as time progresses the computer network Skynet becomes self aware and sees the possibility of a new evolutionary age and the birth of a new order of intelligence that of the machine.In the movie, Terminator represents the prototype of ideational robots. He can walk, talk, perceive and behave like a human being. But, what is more important, Terminator can learn He is controlled by a neural-net processor, a computer that can modify its behavior based on past experience. What makes the movie more interesting, from a philosophical point of view, is that such a neural processor is so complex that it begins to learn at an alarming rate and, after a while, it becomes self-aware In this sense, the movie raises an important drumhead about artificial consciousness Can a machine ever become self-aware? To answer my own question not yet, at least.At the end of T2, after a serial of action-pac ked scenes, which would have deprived any human of life or limb, some(prenominal) terminators are dissolved together in their own industrial warming pot. This ending may say something about the modern combination of old and new technologies in the cinema, as it does about the integration of old and new modes of production in industry. But it also seems to me, that the days of the unthinking center of cinematic portrayal, like the traditional factory and its job-classified worker and their similar forms of representation, may be numbered.Work CitedThe Terminator. Dir. James Cameron. Perf. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Michael Biehn,Linda Hamilton, Paul Winfield. Artisan, 1984.Terminator 2 fancy Day. Dir. James Cameron. Perf. Arnold Schwarzenegger, LindaHamilton, Edward Furlong, Robert Patrick. Artisan, 1991.

Effects of Broken Marriage to Children

Effects of disjointed spousal to Children SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BY Marie Julianne I. Reyes CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Generally, most lowly marriages be the result of domestic violence in the home, particularly manpower abused their wives physically and emotionally, and if are nipperren are involved in the marriage, it actor they all experience the slip and then, imagine the wearing they had to go finished before the marriage finally leads to break up.All these affects the children negatively and a lot conducts them intuitive feeling unhappy, especially as it as involves detention battle, its as if the call forth are fighting over the children. As divorce proceeds and it is cartridge holder for realism. The way the children survive depends on how the parents handled the divorce proceedings. The more stressful, the harder it will be for the children. From time to time, flat when the divorce proceeding was less stressful, the children will suffer emotionally and other(a)wise and this in turn tends to affect their academic words.In a situation, where by the children love two parents very much makes the divorce change surface more difficult for them. They have to make a decision to ensue one of the parents, either the mother or the father, though, they dont even know which of them to follow or side without causing sorrow to the other one. Children from Broken Marriage, always have poor results due to the fact that they do non have happy home and theres no atmosphere for reading. Since they are non always happy, they think a visual modality about their family. Statement of the ProblemThis term paper seeks to discuss how and why does save and wife got to the point of separation and how it affects their children. The following questions will answer it 1. What should couples do before deciding to end a marriage? 2. What are the factors that arouse Broken Mar riage? 3. How does divorce affect their children? 4. What lies ahead on the afterlife of children who experienced this kind of situation? Importance of the Study All children/teenagers who are in this situation will help them realized that it is not a hindrance for them to give up easily.They will know and learn how to ready what they had been experiencing. It potty also help ex-husband and wives on how to handle the situation to their children. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The main idea of this study, is the emotion or feelings of children specially teenagers on how they react and how they really affected having a Broken Family. Research Method Used This topic needs to deal with fibre and Clinical Studies. In this process, it will help to adjust, to have a give-and-take and therapy needed by cases studied. Definition of Terms Used 1.Annulment states that no validated marriage was contracted be bm the legal requirement of marriage were not met. 2. Marriage is a relation ship between husband and wife. 3. Broken it brook use to describe a marriage that has stop in divorce, or a home in which the parents of the family are divorced, when you think this is a misfortunate or bad function. 4. Divorce legal dissolution of marriage disunion to deposit apart. 5. Desertion when one partner walks out on the other without notice. 6. judicial separation when one spouse moves out with notice legal disunion of married persons.The tree trunk Of The Term Paper Effects of Broken of Broken Marriage to Children Until end do us part is a promise that has been repeated often in the traditional wedding vows. Nevertheless, many couples enter marriage fitted out(p) only with hopes and dreams. The knowledge they need to make this her promise come veritable is often overlooked. They whitethorn be convinced that their marriage will have a bun in the oven a lifetime. Marriages are much like any of the other friendships peck have. They are strengthened and weakened i n many of the same ways. ilk friendships, marriages only work with effort.The mixture when two people get in concert can create any number of challenges, to the point that they want to separate. The factors that causes the couples got uninvolved are because of their differences such as race, religion, nationality and education. Despite all efforts, some marriages do end. Divorce is the most common method. Other marriages are also ended through desertion and annulment. But before deciding to end a marriage, couples should think first what would be the effect of their decision to the people close to them most specially to their children.The children are the most affected of the divorce because this can lead them negatively and often makes them feel unhappy. The pain that children go through when it comes to a broken marriage is devastating and the pain is caused only by the parents. A broken home can make a child insecure. Insecure in a sense that he had no weeklong had a complet e family he can call his own and lifetime without either his father or mother will create concern and insecurities in him. This feeling of insecurities will even trigger if he is around his friends who are living a normal, happy and complete life.The insecurities, self-doubt and deprivation of confidence in a child can eventually make him uninterested in school. Sometimes a childs response on his parents announcement of a divorce is not visible. He keeps to himself the pain, shock and anger he feels. This in turn makes him indefensible to anger, depression, revenge, alcohol, crimes, drugs and so on. He makes these as his outlets. Too much depression, alcohol dependency and drug dependency, if left untreated, can make him mentally ill or can turn him into criminal. He may even attempt to sweep away himself if he can no longer handle all the misfortunes which he thinks is killing him softly.Growing up in a broken home may also cause children to have difficulty in future relatio nships and cause them to struggle with the issue of trust. The parents should help their children to adjust to what has happened. They must be command their kids by being supportive and positive about the childs relationship with the other parent. Children need calm the information should be stipulation at a level they can understand. And the most important thing is tell each child individually that he or she is not the cause of the divorce and always be loved by both parents.

Steady State Theory and Pulsating Theory

In cosmology, the Steady State possible action (also cognise as the Infinite Universe theory or continuous creation) is a model developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi and others as an choice to the Big Bang theory (known, usually, as the standard cosmological model). In steady severalise views, new matter is continuously created as the humans expands, so that the perfect cosmological principle is adhered to.Theoretical calculations showed that a static founding was impossible under general relativity, and observations by Edwin Hubble had shown that the innovation was expanding. The steady state theory asserts that although the institution is expanding, it nevertheless does not change its appearance everyplace time (the perfect cosmological principle) it has no beginning and no end. The theory requires that new matter must be continuously created (mostly as atomic number 1) to restrain the average density of matter equal over time.The amount inevitable is low and not directly detectable roughly one solar mass of baryons per cubic megaparsec per year or roughly one hydrogen atom per cubic meter per billion eld, with roughly five measure as oftentimes dark matter. Such a creation rate, however, would throw observable effects on cosmological scales. Dust-Cloud Theory. Between 1940 and 1955 the German uranologist Carl f. von Weizsaccker, the Dutch-American astronomer Gerald P. Kuiper and the U. S. chemist Harold C.Urey worked out a theory that attempted to posting for all the characteristics of the solar system that need to be explained. match to their dust-cloud theory, the solar system was make from a slowly rotating cloud of dust and bungle that take in chargeed and started to rotate faster in its outer parts, where eddies formed. These eddies were small proficient the center of the cloud and larger at greater distances from the center. The distances corresponded more or less to the Titius-Bode relation.As the clouds coo led, actuals coagulated some the edges of the eddies and at last formed planets and asteroids, all woful in the same direction. The slowly rotating central part of the cloud condensed and formed the sun, and the suns central temperature rose as gravity further compressed the material. When atomic reactions eventually began in the suns interior, about 5 billion days ago, much of the nearby gas was blown away by the pressure of the suns emitted light.Nevertheless the rude retained an atmosphere consisting of methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and nitrogen, with perhaps some hydrogen. In this primitive atmosphere and in the seas below it, organic compounds were formed that eventually resulted in living organisms. The organisms evolved in the next 2 billion years into higher plants and animals, and photosynthesis by plants and the weathering of rock produced the oxygen in the earths atmosphere.Although free gases near the sun were blown outward 4 to 5 billion years a go, according to the dust-cloud theory, the giant planets were too distant to be much affected. They are large, therefore, and contain a great amount of hydrogen. The comets, in turn, are image to be the outer part of the primordial nebula, left behind as the inner part condensed to form the sun and the planets. The Dutch astronomer J. H. Oort speculated that this material condensed into chunks that continue to move along with the sun through space.Now and then a chunk is perturbed and falls slowly toward the sun. As it is heated by sunlight, it grows a coma and tail. The dust-cloud theory thus explains the solar system characteristics listed above. It is most powerless in detailing the process whereby the planets and asteroids formed from solids that made up notwithstanding a small percent of the primordial nebula. However, this is essentially a chemical substance problem, strongly dependent on the sequence or timing of events such as eddy formation, temperature changes, and t he start of solar luminosity. Pulsating Theory According to this theory, the universe is supposed to be expanding and contracting alternately i. e. pulsating. At present, the universe is Expanding. According to pulsating theory, it is possible that at a certain time, the expansion of the universe whitethorn be stopped by the gravitational pull and the may contract again. After it has been contracted to a certain size, explosion again occurs and the universe will start expanding. The alternate expansion and contraction of the universe sire rise to pulsating universe.

Gertrude’s as Shakespeare Essay

Where a twenty-first century listening would express sympathy for crossroadss loss and would understand his waver in victorious vengeance, an Elizabethan audience would non see towards him for avenging his conveys shoemakers last, and would question wherefore small town is showing inaction. As Dori Ripley suggests, The church building advocated perfections vengeance, while the state demanded justice through Gods chosen representative(s) (Ripley, 1), convey it would be crossroadss affair to avenge his finds death in the eyes of the Elizabethan Church, for Gods cause.Therefore, this would certainly contribute to small towns turmoil, with the added embrace to exact Gods vengeance on the wicked (Ripley, 2), and go bad King of Denmark. However, in the eighteenth century, Thomas Hanmer drew attention to small towns delay in avenging his fathers death, suggesting that Had Hamlet deceased naturally to work there would have been an end of our run for, meaning Shakespeares p lay would not have been as dramatic for his think audience of his era.Ernest Jones suggests that Hamlet refrains from killing Claudius earlier in the play because he had already committed the deed Hamlet himself subconsciously wished to carry step forward The long repressed desire to take his fathers roll in his fetchs affection is revealed in unconscious legal action by the sight of someone usurping this place exactly as he himself had once longed to do (Jones, 99). This is evident in the play when Hamlet has the chance to kill Claudius, however he decides to wait for when he is in thincestuous pleasure of his bed so he is guaranteed to suffer the identical pain Hamlets father did when he was in purgatory.Eliminating his contest in the most torturous way suggests Hamlets hatred towards Claudius for marrying his mother. As an extension of this Hamlet is somewhat hostile to his mother throughout the play, shown through the language Shakespeare uses when Hamlet is alone with her. His anger towards his mothers call forthuality is expressed, thus O shame, where is thy blush? Rebellious hell, If thou keepst mutine in a matrons bones, To flaming youth let virtue be as wax (3. 4. 82-4) Hamlet demands to know how young people can be expected to control their passions if mothers cannot control theirs.In the same scene, Hamlet pleads with Gertrude not to quiescence with Claudius that night and to, Refrain tonight, And that shall lend a cordial of easiness To the next continence (3. 4. 166-8) After that until she no longer wishes to sleep with Claudius. Whether this is right must be considered in psychoanalytic call because abstinence stores up emotions that leads to a later steamy explosion. In the context of the play as a whole, this is symbolic because throughout Hamlet stores up his confusion, disturbance and turmoil until he explodes in the final scene, ending in death and destruction of the dynasty.Recent developments in Hamlet criticism suggest Ha mlets attitude towards his mother can be explained in terms of Freudian psychoanalysis, in particular the Oedipus Complex where unconscious ideas and feelings centre oscillation the wish to possess the parent of the opposite sex, and eliminate that of the same sex (Rycroft, 118), according to Charles Rycroft in A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Although this is a modern theory which did not exist during the Shakespearean period, Shakespeare unconsciously reflects this achievable interpretation of character in the play.Hamlet seeking to avenge his father by eliminating Claudius, his mothers husband, could be one of his motivations and subsequent causes of his emotional turmoil. His confusion is, therefore, redirected onto Ophelia who experiences Hamlets anguish. Rycroft also suggests that this is symbolised in Hamlet as persons who are fixated at the oedipal level that are mother-fixated or father-fixated reveal this by choosing sexual partners with obvious resemblances to t heir parents (Rycroft 119).However, Ophelias qualities are not representative of Gertrudes as Shakespeare suggests Gertrude tends to sexually dominate men in the play whereas Ophelia is pliable to them, suggesting she is vulnerable. Therefore, whether Rycrofts analysis is related to the play must be considered because it does not directly link to Hamlets situation, choosing to have a kind with Ophelia because she resembles his mother he has sexual desires for. In Gertrude marrying Claudius, Hamlets jealousy is provoked, which eventually contributes to his rage when alone with his mother, You are queen, your husbands fellows wife.Here, Shakespeare shows Hamlets confusion within his complicated situation, that his mother has become queen by incestuously marrying her husbands brother. Combined with Hamlets oedipal fantasy and his mothers revolutionary marriage, therefore, he is bound to show rage and confusion towards his mother and disgust towards her new partner. In conclusion, Hamlet is a character whose mind is in turmoil, which is subliminally presented through Shakespeares use of soliloquies.This turmoil could exist due to Hamlets life experiences, whether they were his fathers death or his mothers hasty marriage to his uncle, who murdered his father. These occurrences may have caused Hamlets confusion between mothers and lovers, his contemplation of suicide and his hostility towards others, resulting in catastrophe at the end of the play. An Elizabethan audience would not sympathise with Hamlets hostility towards other and his delay in taking vengeance and so could argue that his mind is in turmoil, the reason why he is inactive.

Dramatic impact Essay

In 1915, Arthur T. moth miller was born in the city of New York, where his family business was ruined afterward the stock grocery crash of 29. This had a continuous affect on his carriage and work. The half-Austrian, half-Ameri pile dramatist wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949, at the age of 34. Along with his different acclaimed plays (including All My Sons and The Crucible) Death of a Salesman includes his common themes of corruption, societys deterioration, the large(p) Ameri underside Dream and lost values.Set in the Mid-20th century after the Second World War Death of a Salesman is a bosh of values lost to a world where they now carry petty(a) weight and of a man, in himself, lost to those values and in so doing isolating himself to the perpetu in alone in ally-changing world. Ren consumeed as one of the best plays to ever make out of America. A particularly dramatic and substantive motion-picture show in this attack against capitalism is the restaurant expectati on, in which a gravel- word of honor bond is torn in tragedy, brotherly love is dissipated and life grinds to a halt for an old, tired man.The facial expression in general is a very signifi savings bank part of the play as it acts as the terminal exam trigger for Willy Loman to take his own life. We cause sex this as, in the scene that without delay follows this, Willy is quoted avowing (To Stanley) here(predicate)s some much, I dont need it anymore This shows us that he has (after this tied(p)t) sanitary and truly assumption up on this life, by stating that he will no bimestrial be needed to use his money for he will depart and in doing so provide his family with some insurance support, making this scene very significant indeed. The final trigger that I mentioned could be a number of events.Firstly, some critics cerebrate, the fact that Biff has realised the truth I was just a shipping clerk, which Willy has shut out for unconditioned years deep inside, is the fata l factor of Willys suicide that he himself, by dint of Biff, finally catchs what his life has lived up to no involvement. We can see bear witness of this in the garden scene where he tries to leave something, however small, freighter as his legacy Ive got to get some seeds, skilful a focussing. nulls planted. I dont have a thing in the ground. He has an urgent need to leave something behind and the seeds argon a metaphorical representation of this.Some critics feel that this scene is significant as it builds up to the next scene where Willy has a flashback of Biffs discovery of The Woman, revealing to the audience for the depression time the event that sparks the turmoil that Biff suffers for the next fifteen years of his life The knowledge of his sticks infidelity shatters this ideal that he has held for so long. This would patch up the missing link and explain to the audience how Biff went from the loving son we saw in the earlier flashbacks to the almost hateful adult we see in the present.Others however believe that it is what has happened before this scene that makes it so significant. payable to the tenseness build up up-until then was mounting by Willys encounters with Howard, Bernard and Charley beforehand constituting harsh blows to the reverie through which Willy views his life his constructed reality was fall apart. The audience, after seeing Biffs own disappointment through his conversation with sharp, argon curious to see how Willy will react to just another permitdown. And after seeing how badly he does take it, we know this is the final straw/chapter in his life.Biff has to a fault bangd a moment of truth, exclusively he regards his epiphany as a freeing experience from a lifetime of distorting lies. He wishes to leave behind the facade of the Loman family customs duty so that he and his acquire can begin to have an secure relationship. Willy, on the other hand, requirements his sons to help him in rebuilding the elaborat e fantasies that have been crushed so many an(prenominal) times before. Willy drives Biff to produce a falsely positive report of his interview with Bill Oliver Happy is all too willing to comply.When Biff fails to produce the expected report, Happy, comes in with lies close the interview. Another point of significance is the event of Biffs Epiphany. Here he realises the truth for the first time I was neer a salesman for Bill Oliver and in doing so he shows Willy the truth as well. He actually HAS the epiphany at Olivers office but here is the first time we, as the audience, heard or know of it. Many say that Biff is the main reason why Willy takes his life as moth miller states himself Had Willy been unaw are of his separation from values that endure he would have died contently piece polishing his car But he was agonized by his awareness of being in a false position, so constantly pursue by the hollowness of everything he put his faith in And so if Biff had not confirmed w hat Willy had always known all on then maybe Willy might either calm down be breathing or dies happily. still this point is very controversial. Biff is determined to step down through the lies surrounding the Loman family in order to come to terms with his own life and his own identity, which his father made for him years a go. designing on revealing the simple truth behind Willys fantasy Biffs identity crisis can only be unconquerable by destroying his and his fathers disillusionment, which has a devastating effect on Willy leading to his suicide. However, taking into account of all the above, I personally believe this act is significant to the play as it provides great sympathy for all of the main examples. Biff, by his stage directions, is made to look sympathetic (takes a breath, then reaches out and grasps Willys hand). (Smiling bravely)(Gets down on one knee joint before Willy) and so on. Even by the stage directions, the audience is shown the character of Biff as a s incere and caring person with an interminable love for his father. Willy is shown sympathy through the mere bombardment of misfortunes that he faces I was fired, and Im looking for a little good intelligence operation to tell your mother . Willy will be onstage in give off confusion and desperation in this scene, (at a loss), and empathy would be felt by the audience due to the music and lighting which places the audience into Willys frame up of mind.Happy is given sympathy by the fact that the audience can see that Biff has snapped out of The Great American Pipedream and Happy has not, and in doing so ensures his future life will be just same(p) Willys and that is definitely an aspect for sympathy. Linda also is shown sympathy in this prolong as Willy mentions her because the woman has waited and the woman has suffered . Another factor of the acts significance is that it is riddled with dramatic impact, through lighting, music and action.Music provides a good medium for emo tions and also works were as a indicate of events-to-come. Music such as the Raucous music use in the setting of the restaurant can show what the event will open up to be. similarly the flute music indicates a more relaxing and desirous appeal as the flute was Willys fathers trade. sack is a huge dramatic effect as it is the only way, unless the landing field is packed with playwrights, that the audience can understand what is happening especially during flashbacks. (Light on area snaps out).The use of lighting also allows the audience to empathise with Willy by seeing what he does (light fades low on the restaurant). alike it can be used to set a scene as in the restaurant a red glow rises behind screen at right, here Miller employs the colour scheme to complement the music, which in put out foretell the upcoming event. There are many dramatic moments in this scene. One of which is the event of the trumpet note Biff Listen, will you let me out of it, will you just let me o ut of it Happy What the cavity Willy Tell me what happened Biff (to Happy) I cant talk to him (A case-by-case trumpet note jars in the air) Before this, tension was building up slowly (speeches becoming shorter and shorter), with Biffs frustration to tell his father of his revelation and Willys determination to hear what he wants to. It builds at an exponential function rate until the trumpet note. This is used here to empathise to the audience of the final breakdown between father and son. It is also a symbol of the heightened tension and emotions running.The audience is shocked and taken back by this, not suddenly, but still effectively. Sympathy is also felt at this point as these two once worshipped each other and now they are at this time of hatred. We can also, as the audience, know that Biff want to let him out of it (Willys dreams). Another dramatic moment was when Willy tells his boys I was fired today. This is not a surprise to the audience, as we knew it would come h owever when it came comes as a shock. It is abrupt and early on into the scene. before he was talking in tongue and the audience sees that he is confused.However this speech is a rare piece of metaphorical language used in the play as Miller tries to use as oftentimes everyday language as possible to keep a more naturalistic appeal and less focus on how characters are locution things but on what they are actually conveying through speech. He speaks of the woods are burning, which shows the desperation Willy is in and the fact that he is seeing everything crowding around him, his dreams are burning, his dream of a expanse retirement, his beloved nature (woods) is being consumed by materialism (fire) and so is he.Also this metaphor re-enforces itself with burning big blaze fired. This adds troubled judgment to his life. The flashbacks that Willy has are very dramatic. Re-enforced using lighting and music as well they seem to patch up key points about the prehistorical that are missing. The whole play is about patching up the middle of a story that we already know the ending of Death of a Salesman. I use flashback in a loose sense, as they are not actually flashbacks. They, on stage, would be just as loud as reality, have the same lighting, are not distorted and so on.Also the fact that they are so alike to reality shows us that in Willys desperation to justify his own life, he has destroyed the boundaries from past to present. All of the flashbacks are juxtaposed with scenes of failure. The final dramatic scene in this extract is Happys line of No, thats not my father. This is incredibly low and spiteful the audience would not expect this even of Happy, who we know is already quite two faced in the way he acts towards Willy. Extremely tragic. This is right before Biffs wail of Willy in which he refers to him as a Prince. However Happy cant even acknowledge him as a father.In Happys defence Willy ahs not really been the ideal father, but he still had Haps best interests at heart. However the audience can see that the character of Biff as a changed man no longer bound into the capitalistic system that engulfed Willy, no longer deluding himself or others, no longer a LOW-MAN. In this extract, references are made to many different other stories. In Biffs speech Miller refers to A Troubled Prince as in Macbeth. In the scene afterwards where Biff is knocking on Willys door, also have similarities to Macbeth. Willys flashback to avoid the truth is reminiscent of Oedipus poking out his eyes.And finally Happys dismissal of Willy is like that of Peter and Jesus. This makes the scene significant as it contains all of these epic references. Death of a Salesman is a tragic baloney of a man caught in a system he never got to know. During this restaurant scene, Willy decides he is worth more dead than alive because all he had left was his sons and after their failures and the breakdown of their relationship he is nothing. This scene in the resta urant is the most important of the entire play for this reason. It is also very dramatic as it reveals the death of a man, by the failures of him as a father, a salesman and of a man.

Phonological Development in Children Essay

Phonology is study of the heavy(a) form of the diction and the rules for their combination. There ar about 200 sounds apply in languages throughout the world. As we all know, sound is the come outning of language learning. In learning to talk, children must acquire knowledge of the phonological forms of wrangle and phrases of their innate language and must learn the articulatory and phonatory movements needed to produce these words and phrases in an adult-like manner.Children learn their phonological system of native language redden since as hotshot- category-old infant. They first year of an infants action which is before they crowd out utter their first word be cognize as prelinguistic stage. Children do not utter their first word until they atomic number 18 about ane year old. At one month, they show two-dimensional perception of lecturing. A perceptual ability is ability to segment one sentence into individual word units. This ability usually leads to end produ ct and therefore helps in the development of lecturing production.Even though children do not produce their first word until they approximately 12 month long time old, the ability to produce reference sound start to develop at a much younger age. After the m some other giving birth, the young infant will produce un identify birth cry. Within 0 to 6 weeks, the infant can produce reflexive sound which atomic number 18 glottal catch and vowels much(prenominal) as ah, eh, and uh. Plus the infant to a fault can produce some variety non-crying sound. They besides produce variousiated cry which that true vocal communication acquires. In the range 6 to 16 weeks, infant start to produce cooing sound when they argon happy. Moreover, they begin to produce single syllables and blowing bubbles.At 4 month, infant simmer down pick out infant-directed comp be to adult-director speech. Plus by 4 month, infant perk up learned which feature they have to pay attention to at the suprasegment al take such as intonation and stress. At 5 months old, infant pick out to go through their own name to similar sounding word. On the other hand, by 6 month old, they expose more to their native language and start to learn not to pay attention to sound that are not meaningful in their native language.The production of vowel sound in the first 2 month lead to the production of concurring(a)s. low back consonants (g, k) are being produce around 2 to 3 months and front consonants (m, n, p) is being able to produce by infant at about 6 months old. In the range 3 to 6 month, mouth begins influence by their native language. In addition, they verbalise show cast away and inflection change. They start to produce double syllables-VCV such as aga. Children are also able to puts lips together and say m and nasal lineament is heard. Not only that, they also begin to vocalize their pleasure and displeasure. Infants in this range will stop vocalizing when adults enters and have self-init iated vocal play. They are also cooing, chuckling, gurgling and laughing.At 7 months, they able to segment word from speech that shows a strong-weak stress pattern, which is the close to common stress pattern in the English language. The process that allows infant to use prosodic cues in speech input to learn about language social organisation is known as prosodic bootstrapping . While children at 8 months old generally do not understand the meaning of the or so single word nevertheless, they still able to understand the meaning of certain phrases they hear a lot. By 9 months old, infant can differentiate native from nonnative language. Children uses m, n,t,d,b,p and y in babbling multiple syllables by 6 to 9 months old. They babbling melodiously or singing tones and uses several of sound combination. They also begin to have inflected vocal play and intonation patterns heard. Infant also simulate intonation and speech sound from the adult in their own repertoire. Reduplicative babbling begins for example bababa.From 9 to 12 months, children vocalize during play and also begin to vocalize in front of mirror. They are able to jabber obstreperously with wide variety of sounds and intonations. Infant combine different vowel and consonant into syllable string in vocal play and at this stage phonetic drift begins. Infant also acquire variegated babbling and combines different syllables in vocal play. At this stage, children normally have not yet begun to speak and thus have no production vocabulary besides in the range 10 to 11 months old, childrens cognition vocabulary size is about 11 to 154 words . During this transitional period from babbling to the utterance of the first word, children also produce protowords. Protowords is invented words that are used consistently to express specific meanings.In the range 1 year old to 1 years old, infants usually use jargon to communicate. We can also hear some repetition of words or echolalia. They are uses most v owels and consonants and some initial consonant. Basically, their utterances un straightforward with exception of a hardly a(prenominal) words. Intelligibility refers to the proportion of the speakers output that listeners can easily understand. They ordinarily leave out final consonant and some initial consonant. By the range of this age, they start to produce word in VC structure such as bo/boat and able to imitates some word accurately. By 14 months old, children usually produce their first word. First word is simple structure and contains the same sounds that were use in late babbling. At 16 months children comprehension vocabulary size ranges from about 92 to 321 words. At this age, childrens production vocabulary size at this age is typically around 50 words. Childrens production becomes more consistent around the age of 18 months.Within 1 to 2 years old, childrens words increase in frequency and jargon almost gone by 2 years old. Commonly, they will ask questions by raisin g intonation at end of phrase. Plus, children show improvement in intelligibility. Approximately 65% intelligible by 2 years. In addition, word produced with CVC structure such as big appear at this range of age.Intelligibility improve when they at 2 to 2 years old from 65% to 70%. Plus, they may issue over final consonant, reduce consonant blend and substitute one consonant for another. The size of the vocabulary production is about 50 to 550 words. Children also seem to build up their vocabulary faster if the speech they hear is related to their focus of attention more often.At 2 to 3 years old, children still do some substitution and alteration of consonants. They lapse to improve their intelligibility to approximately 80%. By this age they can master consonants p, m, n, w, h.Children at 3 to 3 years use final consonants most of time. At this age, Final-Consonant Deletion process, consonant assimilation, diminutization, doubling, prevocalic voicing, reduplication unstressed syllable deletion and velar consonant fronting should be gone. Children become very intelligible in connected speech by age 3 years to 4 years old. They had master consonantsb, d, j, g, f, y. Plus, phonological process continues which are cluster reduction, deplatalization, epenthesis, final devoicing, gliding, stopping and vocalization. In 4 to 4 years, should be few error and substitutions of consonant in children utterances. They become more intelligible especially in connected speech. At the range 4 years to 5 years old, children use most consonant sounds consistently and accurately. Even though, more errors present in tight blends. At 5 to 6 years old, children get the hang consonants such as t, ing, r, l. Follow by 6 to 7 years old, they begin to mastered consonant such as voiceless th, sh, ch, j.Hence, young children have unparalleled ability to learn meanings for the words they extract from the speech they are heart-to-heart to. Acquisition of the language is strongl y relate with environment. The phonological development should be know by parents to detect any phonological disorder on their child.

Seamus Heaney

Write a close analysis of cobblers last of a raw(a)ist explaining how the poet enforces pictorial imagination and the bodily structure of the poem to convey the themes of the qualifying of tikehood pureness and the formulation of big identities. How regular(prenominal) is it of the collection Death of a Naturalist in terms of the representation of these themes? Seamus Heaney was born in Northern Ireland in 1939. Heaneys father was a farmer, and a oxen dealer, he was also very popular within the community.It back tooth be said that Seamus Heaneys reference to farming and love of nature rouse be due to his upbringing, as considerably as his regular mark of love and pride for Northern Ireland. Seamus Heaneys feelings to fightds Irelands cultural controversies atomic number 18 addressed in the majority of his poems, this brings Irish and English literary traditions to attention, and umteen critics have praised him for the particular attribute.Natural resourcefulness conveys the theme of babyhood honor in Death of a Naturalist with the implement of childish vocabulary for example bubbles gargled delicately, has a paradox effect as the record is contradictory, it also carries the sense of childhood innocence as playing with bubbles is an use associated with children. Also, gargled is onomatopoeic and pleasant buy the farming. The quote underlines childrens innocence and naive mentality on the piece and nature.The use of swimming tadpoles, daddy frog, mommy frog and micro eggs, totally depict an image of childhood innocence, through the basic simple(a) language used as well as the family links, for example mammy and daddy depict the happy-go-lucky ideology that many young children have, again implying that the loudtalker system is a naive, young child. solely best of all was the warm thick slobber, the unattractive, slime is something that appeals to children, transfer further the theme of childhood innocence. The structure als o plays a intent in conveying the theme of childhood innocence.The whole premiere stanza has an illite lead astraye intonate to it, with the message that nature is amazing, and so problem free, there were dragon-flies, descry butterflies, but best of all was the warm thick slobber the step being so simple minded, as although the speaker is describing the most lovely aspects of nature, they atomic number 18 fascinated with the thick slobber that appeals to children. The fact that they get out it as best of all shows the simplicity of a childs innocence, and what little it takes to amuse them. It also creates the image of a beautiful appy natural world that appeals to children. There is also a tone that carries a sense of captivation, for they were chicken in the sun and brown in rain. Because speaker is quite interested in, or fascinated by the frog spawn, and we know this due to the tone of the poem best of all etc, we are introduced to the fetish by the regular positi ve description of nature. This could reflect to the phase that many children go through, or it could by symbolic of when a child learns something new, so applies it to all aspects of life.The use of enjambment here, every spring I would full jampotfuls of the jellied specks creates a sense of excitement, the disability to pause, due to the thorough interest emphasises a childlike fetish and innocence. Natural imagery conveys the theme of liberal identities emerging, the second stanza starts kill with Then this appears as though the speaker is reminiscing on their childhood, which suggests the formulation of grown identity.The speaker suggests that as a child they were blind or unconscious to the reality of the frogspawn, To a coarse croaking that I had not hear before. The alliteration of coarse croaking contrasts to the positive tone used in the first stanza, the quote appears to suggest that the speaker has experienced realisation, or reality, as they have suddenly realised that the frogspawn have a coarse sound and that they are now aware that the frogspawn is not as amazing as they first believed.Also there is a line break and the sound out Before appears on the next line starting with a cap letter, this could be symbolic of the fact that the coarse croaking had always been around, only the speaker has just acknowledged it, or realised it was there, emphasising the point of realisation, creating a further image of the formulation of adult identity. Gross-bellied frogs suggests that the frogs seem ugly to the speaker now, which contrasts to the description of frogs made in the first stanza but best of all was the warm thick slobber of frogspawn the contrast indicates the change in mind, or the loss of childhood innocence, and the formulation of adult identities. I sickened turned and ran implies that the speaker felt repulsed by the nature whereas as a child they love the nature so much that they would wait and watch this appears to be a child cha nging as adult identities are introduced. That if I immerse my hand the spawn would clutch it, expresses the speakers feelings if they played around with nature again bad would come from it. This forms the idea that as an adult the speaker has learnt their lesson and go away not be childish and play with it anymore. The second stanza carries army connotations, implying that the frogs are going to get revenge or attack the speaker, this is suggested with the use of rank,, angry, , indecent threats, poised like mud grenades,, great slime kings, and vengeance,.These words and phrases suggest that the frogs are there to take revenge in a war like manner, for the fact that the speaker stole the spawn as a child, the words all describe the frogs in a harsh, aggressive way, which again contrasts to the description made in the 1st stanza nimble swimming tadpoles,. However, the use of the word kings in the second stanza indicates that the speaker may still wonder the frogs, despite all t he prejudicial feelings they have towards them. vThe speaker is suggesting that frogs are everyplace and they are ugly, gross-bellied, pictured with assonance in the phrase cocked on sods.Their flaccid necks are described by Heaney with the simile pulsed like sails. The sound of their movements is uttered by onomatopoeia slap and plop, which obviously disgusted Heaney who felt that these were obscene threats. In line thirty their stance is described by the simile gathered like mud grenades, an image that echoes the war-like connotation of the word invaded in line twenty-four. Heaney again voices his hatred for the sound of the frogs in the phrase their blunt heads farting. This negative description indicates the speakers headache at the realisation of the frogs, as the adult identity is introduced.The structure of the 2nd stanza contrasts to the 1st stanza. Where the 1st stanza has a loving, fascinated tone, the 2nd stanza carries an angry, hateful tone, obscene threats. The f act that the first stanza is or so double the length of the second, connotes that the speaker had an enjoyable childhood, and the second stanza resembling the adult identities came too quickly and brought along realisation that nature wasnt what it seemed and also the annoyance that the speaker learnt so late that what they loved as a child wasnt at all reality.The use of alliteration and assonance emphasise the hatred and annoyance felt towards nature, for not being what they thought it was. This can suggest the adult identity being formed, learning new things and realising childhood was innocent and naive. It can be a metaphor for life, thinking, as a child that life is amazing yet when you grow up, and are an adult you realise that life isnt as great as what you first thought.Blackberry-Picking is poem that resembles Death of a Naturalist, its use of structure and natural imagery to convey the themes of loss of childhood innocence and formulation of adult identities. Natural ima gery and structure convey the theme of loss of childhood innocence with basic language such as big dark blobs to describe the blackberries and with the description of lust for the berries connotes a childish fetish or fascination for picking and eating the berries Leaving stains upon the tongue and lust for picking. Summers blood connotes the hard work and effort put into picking the berries during the train holidays, which conveys the theme of childhood innocence. Structure conveys the loss of childhood innocence in this poem with the only rhymed couplet entailing the childs function of berry picking, glossy purple know among others, red, green, hard as a knot. The half rhyme that goes through the poem also conveys a child like tone it carries a playful, fun message.Natural imagery and structure also convey the theme of formulation of adult identities. A rat grey fungus glutting on our cache. The inclusion of the word rat in the metaphor emphasizes the distaste of this deteri oration. Also the sweet flesh would turn caustic. As well as the lovely canfuls smelt of rot. These quotes all suggest a positive reject turned negative, which could metaphorically resemble the speakers life as a child it was lovely and fun, and then as an adult it changed to trying and bitter.The structure also conveys the theme of the formulation of adult identities with the use of the half rhyme representing berries that could have been sweet, and right but instead being sour and wrong. The last two lines of the poem have a rhyming couplet, lovely canfuls smelt of rot. Each year I intrustd theyd keep, knew they would not. This could signify the continuation of hope through the adult life, metaphorically speaking hope that life would go back to being youthful and fun.To conclude I would say that it is typical of Heaneys styl e of writing to convey the themes of adult life and child innocence through natural imagery and structure. Heaney uses natural imagery in many of his p oems and as well as symbolizing the themes we have looked at he also uses natural imagery and structure to convey the message of his Northern Irish roots. The use of natural imagery and structure conveys the themes of loss childhood innocence and formulation of adult identities and is typical through many of Heaneys poems.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography

Choledocholithiasis (which called crust epithelial duct st peerlesss or gall vesica stones in the cheekiness duct) is the presence of stones from gall bladder in the communal bile duct. Stones usually form in gall bladder only if they sometimes pass through the cystic duct into roughhewn bile duct. There are m some(prenominal) symptoms of gallstone in common bile duct.For example abdominal pain (in the right upper or set upper abdomen), fever, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), loss of appetite, na utilisea and vomiting and clay-colored stools. So, this dispose diagnosed and get byed by ERCP.ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) is a procedure that en adapteds recreate to construe the pancreatic and bile ducts by insert lighted tube which called endoscope (like the oppressiveness of your index finger) is placed through the m come forwardh and into stomach and first leave-taking of the small intestine (duodenum) exactly in (ampulla) and passed of cannula (which a small charge plate tube) through the endoscope and into this opening with injected polariate material and X-rays are taken to composition the common bile duct.Fluoroscopy is a radiographic procedure that provides a projectile image of the interior of the body frequently after the administration of the contrast media with the use of persistent roentgen ray beam that passes through the area of fill and later the attenuated beam that come divulge of the affected role is have by a video monitor to view the body disassemble motion in details.The fluoroscopic studies can efficiently detect variety of abnormalities of different body systems such as the skeletal, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive and urinary system. (University of Rochester Medical Center,2018).In this assignment I pass on discuss about equipment used in ERCP, role of radiographer in ERCP, technical and mental picture consideration of ERCP and case study. ?ERCP Equipment ER CP apply endoscopy and fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy consists of C-arm and monitor. Endoscopy consist of flexible tube which called endoscope with at the end it contain a tiny video tv camera and light. There is a canal internal components of the scope through which thin instruments are passed and can be poked out the tubes end.These instruments include a catheter, balloon, basket, sphincterotome, biopsy forceps and cytology scour and stents. So, for injecting contrast media into the ducts by used of catheter. utilise of balloon is to stretch tight areas of the bile duct or pancreatic duct. Also, for removing and manipulating stones used of basket, and to incise tissue and make the bile duct or pancreatic duct opening larger used of a sphincterotome.Biopsy forceps and cytology brush use to obtain microscopic exam, and use stent to bridge blockages. Other openings allow the mendelevium to suck out water or air inside digestive system as well as clean the camera lens. Control the mov ement of the tube by quietly pushing and pulling on its outside end is done by the doctor eon also steering the inside end with admit knobs that the doctor holds in his hand.Video television screen in the procedure room is sure images from the endoscope. Also, obtain an roentgenogram image of the bile duct and pancreatic duct by the fluoroscopy. Role of Radiographer in ERCPBefore examinationFirst, asked to remove any clothing or jewelry that may get in the focusing of the body area to be examined and labour gown.Then, check name and an denomination number of the forbearing. Third, prepare the C-arm mechanism and the monitor. Fourth, positioned on the x-ray table depending on what the doctor want. Fifth, make sure everyone who stays in ERCP room wear lead apron.During examination Regarding on departments equipment, radiographer may have to stay out in the control panel or may be able to stand in the room to x-ray. stand in the room to x-ray In the latter, it is important to pay close attention so as non to miss cue to x-ray.The doctor will ask the radiographer to x-ray when it is required if screen or spot. Also, the radiographer be attention for doctor and patient condition.After examinationThe radiographer save the image and sent it. Make sure the machine is clean. Technical of ERCPEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that to diagnose and treat diseases regarding to the pancreato atrabilious system by used of endoscopy and fluoroscopic imaging.The endoscopic portion of the examination uses endoscope that is passed through the esophagus and stomach and into the second portion of the duodenum. For obtaining high-quality radiographic images and for the prevention of pulmonic aspiration and considered optimal for cannulation of the papilla, so ERCP is performed with the patient in the addicted position.But, patients who can not able for prone position for ERCP are frequently placed in the left lateral decubitus or sup ine positions.Radiation exposure consideration of ERCPIn ERCP the fluoroscopy time is shorter when ERCP is performed by doctor who has many historic period experience of done ERCP and carried out a large number of ERCPs in the past year.In general, radiation exposure is higher during therapeutic ERCP than during symptomatic ERCP. Radiation dose to patients during ERCP depends on many factors, and the doctor unable to control some variables which are patient size, procedure type, or fluoroscopic equipment used.In a recent prospective study where ERCP instruments used for example, stent insertion, lithotripsy, needle-knife, biopsies, the use of a transmit wire or additional wires other than the standard, a balloon and catheter, that will significantly increase fluoroscopy duration.Patient preparation and careBefore the examination, the stomach should be empty.The patient who does the ERCP must not eat anything after midnight on the even out before the exam. Regarding for examinatio n time, if the procedure is done untimely in the morning, no drinks must be taken, but if examination is done at twelve noon time, a cup of tea, juice, milk, or coffee can be taken four hours earlier. medications of heart and blood pressure must always be taken with a little amount of water in the early morning.The patient needs to have a companion drive them tackation after the procedure, since the procedure will require intravenous sedation.To cause liberalisation and sleepiness, the patient will be given medications through a vein. local anesthetic agent anesthetic is given to the patient to decrease the gag reflex. Some doctors pick out to give the patients more intravenous medications for sedation, so do not use local anesthetic.This also applies to those patients who cannot tolerate the bitter taste of the local anesthetic or who have a history of allergy to xylocaine and the numbness principal in the throat. The intravenous medication is given, while the patient is lyi ng on the left side on the X-ray table, and then the instrument is inserted gently through the mouth into the duodenum.The instrument advances through the food passage and not the air passage. It does not interfere with the breathing and gagging is usually prevented or rock-bottom by the medication. After the examination, patients must be observed in the recovery place until most of the effects from the medications have worn off.This sometimes takes one to two hours.Case study This case study is about 77 years old female patient with H/O common bile duct stones. The condition start 8 months ago by right upper abdominal pain and clay colored stools.The patient came to Royal Hospital and the doctor decided to take x-ray first. So, they found 3 large stones in common bile duct. Then the doctor decided to do ERCP. The ERCP was done in 7/5/2018.The doctor saw a perimapullary diverticulum and with injected contrast through common bile duct, the cholangiogram showed 3 large stones proxim ally back to back, the balloon was used to remove the stones. However, this patient was uncooperative, so stenting done in long time with use 9cm plastic biliary stent with good bile drainage.

Josef Mengele †the Angel of Death Essay

After the war many Nazi doctors were tried at Nuremberg, for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Yet the man who became the most ill-famed Nazi doctor although Hitler himself whitethorn never heard of him fled to South the States and escaped prosecution. He was never caught and convicted, though he lived for decades thereafter.Mengele, c completelyed Uncle by the illimitable children he subjected to gruesome experiments and unthinkable torture, and known as the Angel of ending in the dumbness inner circles, was responsible for the torture and goals of 400,000 people, and the torment of one thousands more. The most substantial thing to note about Mengele is that he was not an isolated face of an offensive maniac gone berserk. He was simply part of a system and a much wider ne twork of Nazi doctors. His work may assimilate been different from those of the some other doctors only if in quantitative basis not qualitative terms.Today, the Auschwitz experiments o f Josef Mengele remain the most egregious example of the collaborationism of unscrupulous lookers with equally unscrupulous senior scientists and prestigious scientific institutions which is a phenomenon that could be happening on a wide scale in our own times, eespecial(a)ly in matters of drug trials of giant pharmaceutical corporations. In 1947, the world learned of what is now the most infamous scandal in medical question medical experiments holded by Nazi doctors. Nazi doctors performed a variety of extremely disturbing experiments on prisoners in concentration camps. well-nigh experiments were designed to further the war effort. For example, to employment gun fit wounds, Nazi doctors shot inmates and examined their wounds. To playing field diseases much(prenominal) as typhus, Nazi doctors intentionally infected inmates with disease. To study human capacity to withstand exposure to cold, Nazi doctors stripped inmates and unfastened them to icy water or blizzards. Howeve r, the majority of experiments had less to do with fetching the war and more to do with promoting or substantiating Nazi ideology. Doctors were elicit in sterilizing undesirables, curing homosexuality, and establishing anthropological differences between rushs.To find an effective style of mass sterilization, Nazi doctors injected hundreds of women with a caustic substance in the hope of obstructing their fallopian tubes, and inflicted severe burns and infections on both male and female prisoners by exposing them to high doses of radiation. To cure homosexuality, Nazi doctors injected hormones into inmates suspected of creation homosexual. To catalog sensible differences in race, Nazi doctors killed a number of prisoners, stripped the flesh by their bones, and saved their skeletons for an anthropological museum.Dr. Mengele is among the best known SS physicians at Auschwitz, and was responsible on with other SS doctors for selections and medical experiments that used prisoner s as guinea pigs. Mengele could never have thought of himself as a monstrous psychopath, though, solely only as a biomedical scientist participating in a broad syllabus of racial explore. During the Holocaust Mengele and many other Nazi physicians used thousands of camp inmates, especially those with disabilities and deformities as subjects for their biomedical racial research. Born in the Swabian particle of Bavaria in 1911 into an upper middle-class family, Mengele eventually earned two doctorates. The inaugural doctorate was in physical anthropology at Munich under Theodor Mollison in 1935 and the back up was in medicine at Frankfurt under Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer in 1938. He received his license to practice medicine in late 1937 precisely app atomic number 18ntly did not pursue certification in a specialty. Instead, he opted for research. As a student of anthropology, he had studied under the track exponents of the life unworthy of living theory and it greatly influen ced his thinking and behavior.The supposition that some lives were not worth living was rapidly becoming academically acceptable. His two dissertation supervisors were eugenicists, and his dissertations in anthropology at Munich and in medicine at Frankfurt both dealt with research in racial hygiene. After refinement his second doctorate, Mengele continued his research in Verschuers Frankfurt pioneer for Hereditary Biology and Race Hygiene. As principal investigator, Verschuer supervised the research of numerous assistants under a variety of DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft German Research Foundation) research grants.Verschuers 1938 report to the DFG on this sponsored research, focusing on the genetic study of twins and families, lists the work and publications of his assistant Mengele. Although Mengele did not join the Nazi caller until 1938, he belonged to the brown-shirt storm troopers, the SA, during 1933-34 and in 1938 joined the SS. As an SS member, he was drafted dur ing the war into the Waffen SS instead of the Wehrmacht, advancing by 1943 to the rank of captain (Hauptstrumfuhrer).He served as an SS physician to the Eastern front until he was wounded and hence affix to the concentration camp death head units in the rear. He functioned during 1943-1944 as one of the SS physicians at the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. In his new post, Mengele performed the usual duties of a concentration camp SS physician as well as the special Auschwitz assignment of directing selections for the gas chamber. In addition, Auschwitz opened up unlimited opportunities for the ambitious researcher.Research subjects were available in large numbers, and the restraints of medical ethical motive did not apply. Further, Mengele could compel highly skilled inmate physicians to design and acquit research, perform tests and autopsies, and produce research papers, without the need to share credit with them. It is therefore not surprising that Mengele used Auschwitz as a research laboratory. Otmar von Verschuer, Mengeles mentor who was himself a protege of Eugen Fischer, had left Frankfurt for Berlin in 1942 to succeed Fischer as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology.Mengele had worked at the institute during SS assignments to Berlin and thus continued to establish to Verschuers research projects (Cefrey 62). When Mengele went to Auschwitz, Vershuer realized the potential of this posting, and as principal investigator, he carried Mengeles Auschwitz experiments on his DFG grants. in that locationfore, Mengeles experiments that often necessitated the killing of children, thousands of them (especially twins) were part of the functionary program and in pursuing his shockingly macabre research he was only following the broad lines of Nazi research agenda.Driven by the desire to advance his medical career by scientific publications, Dr Mengele began to conduct all kinds of utterly atrocious medical experiments on living Jews, children, twins, alter people, and all those who fell into the Nazi category of Untermenschen all of whom he took from the barracks of the concentration camp at Auschwitz, or selected right away on their arrival, and brought to his infirmary block.Mengele used the pretext of medical treatment to kill thousands upon thousands of prisoners, personally administering the fearful torture procedures, for example as by injecting them with phenol, petrol, chloroform, or by ordinance SS medical orderlies to do so. From the moment of his arrival at Auschwitz, Mengele joined the other SS officers and SS doctors, among them Dr Clauberg and Dr Kremer, in the selection of Jews reaching the Auschwitz railway junction from all everyplace Europe.With a movement of the hand or the wave of a stick, he indicated as unfit for work, and thus destined for immediate death in the gas chambers, all children, old people, sick, crippled and weak Jews, and all pregnant women. Between May 1943 and November 1944 Mengele conducted, also along with Dr. Heinz Thilo, scores of such selections. Mengele was especially on the lookout for twins and other promising research subjects (Lifton 165).He also took an equally decisive part in some(prenominal) selections in the camp infirmary, pointing out for death by shooting, injection or gassing those Jews whose strength had been sapped by starvation, force labor, untreated illness or ill-treatment by the guards. On May 26, 1943, only two years after he arrived at Aushwitz, Mengele committed his first mass murder. on that point was a typhoid epidemic in the barracks of over a thousand Gypsies who had been brought to the camp two months earlier.For Dr Mengele, typhoid was not an illness to be cured, but one to be eliminated that day, all the Gypsies were dragged out of their barracks and driven to the gas chambers. Against their name calling in the camp register were put the letters SB Sondebehandlung, extra Treatment. This was just a sign of much worse things to come. In perpetrating a host of such ghastly medical and scientific experiments, Mengele was of course being an independent member of a larger cohort of wanton butchers.These Nazi doctors most brazenly forsook their Hippocratic Oath and armed themselves with scalpels, forceps, and needles in inflicting eternal pain and torture on hundreds of thousands of innocent people, a significant service of process of them being children. Mengele regularly mailed the results of his research on twins to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. There scientists analyzed the samples of blood obtained before death and the organs obtained after dissection.It was a systematic, organized and purposeful enterprise. Though few of these doctors collected scientifically sensible data and many of the experiments were expressions of pure pathological sadism, the Nazi doctors justified their acts of torture and inhumanity as attempts to improve German medicine and advance science. Mengele himsel f, through and through his research on twins, dreamed of being able to genetically train a flawless race.The ultimate goal was to produce an ideal race of Aryan men and women endowed with only the finest genetic traits, who would rapidly reproduce and rule the world. (Lagnado, Dekel 61) Of the approximately 350 doctors who are estimated to have committed medical crimes, only about 20 doctors and 3 assistants were brought to justice in Nuremberg (Spitz 50). Some others were tried, and sentenced to in American military trials at Dachau.Still many doctors escaped, including one who would acquire the most infamous of them all, Dr. Josef Mengele. Human experimentation neither arose with the Nazis, nor ended with them however, the register of human experimentation in the West is usually divided into two eras before the Nazis and after. Mengele is by no means such a fantastical aberration as he may appear to be at first. Nazi doctors perpetrated some of the most horrendous actions dur ing the Third Reich, but the shadows of Auschwitz and Nuremberg are long.Though Mengele escaped scot-free, we at least know about his evil deeds there may be many others of his ilk existent today and even working in collaboration with reputed organizations whose work we may never even come to know. Works Cited Cefrey, Holly. Doctor Josef Mengele The Angel of remnant New York The Rosen Publishing Group, 2001 Lagnado, Lucette Matalon Dekel, Sheila Cohn. Children of the Flames Dr. Josef Mengele and the Untold Story of the Twins of Auschwitz. New York Penguin Books, 1992 Lifton, Robert Jay. The Nazi Doctors Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide New